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基于電流場的陣列極板水下通信系統(tǒng)仿真分析
電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用
付國航,金建輝
昆明理工大學(xué) 信息工程與自動化學(xué)院
摘要: 電流場通信是一種無線通信技術(shù),通過傳導(dǎo)電流在水體中傳播。傳統(tǒng)的水下電磁波通信存在信號衰減大、天線復(fù)雜、架設(shè)困難等問題。因此,結(jié)合電流場水下傳播理論,提出了一種基于陣列極板的水下通信系統(tǒng)。使用有限元軟件Comsol建立了陣列極板電場模型,并通過頻域分析模擬了1×4陣列切面的電場和電勢分布。同時,在1×4陣列和1×2陣列之間進行了信號接收效果的對比。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了6組正負極接線方式對信號接收強度的影響。瞬態(tài)時域分析則用于模擬輸入輸出波形的變化。實驗證明,在不增加發(fā)射功率的條件下,通過增加陣列排布數(shù)量,可以有效提高通信效果。同時,傳輸過程中信號波形基本保持不變,無相位偏移,從而證明了陣列極板水下通信的可行性。研究結(jié)果為新型電流場水下通信系統(tǒng)的建立提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。
中圖分類號:TN011.6 文獻標志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.244849
中文引用格式: 付國航,金建輝. 基于電流場的陣列極板水下通信系統(tǒng)仿真分析[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2024,50(4):48-52.
英文引用格式: Fu Guohang,Jin Jianhui. Simulation and analysis of current field based underwater communication system with arrayed polar plates[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2024,50(4):48-52.
Simulation and analysis of current field based underwater communication system with arrayed polar plates
Fu Guohang,Jin Jianhui
School of Information Engineering and Automation,Kunming University of Science and Technology
Abstract: Current field communication represents a wireless technology that propagates through underwater environments by conducting electric current. Conventional underwater electromagnetic wave communication encounters challenges such as significant signal attenuation, intricate antenna structures, and installation difficulties. To address these issues, this study integrates the theory of underwater current field propagation and proposes an underwater communication system based on an array of polar plates.The electric field model of the array polar plate is established utilizing the finite element software Comsol. Frequency domain analysis is employed to simulate the electric field and potential distribution of the 1×4 array cut surface. Additionally, a comparative analysis of signal reception effectiveness is conducted between 1×4 and 1×2 arrays. Building upon this, the impact of six sets of positive and negative wiring methods on signal reception strength is analyzed. Transient time-domain analysis is then applied to simulate changes in input and output waveforms.Experimental results validate that enhancing the number of array rows effectively improves communication without increasing transmit power. Moreover signal waveforms exhibit minimal alteration and maintain phase stability during transmission, thereby confirming the viability of underwater communication using arrayed polar plates. The findings of this research contribute a theoretical foundation for the development of a novel current field underwater communication system.
Key words : finite element analysis;array polar plates;current field communication;underwater communication;performance analysis;modeling and simulation

引言

水下通信技術(shù),在海洋科學(xué)、水下勘探、海底資源開發(fā)及軍事等眾多領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出廣泛的應(yīng)用潛力[1]。鑒于我國擁有眾多淡水湖泊和河流,水下通信在淡水環(huán)境的應(yīng)用亦日漸顯現(xiàn)其重要性[2]。然而,與海水環(huán)境相比,淡水環(huán)境在物理特性上的差異、多徑效應(yīng)[3]等問題,以及提升水下通信傳輸速率的需求,均為淡水水下通信技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用帶來了新的挑戰(zhàn)。

傳統(tǒng)的水下通信鏈路大多基于聲學(xué)系統(tǒng)[4]。在淡水和淺水環(huán)境中,聲學(xué)通信易受到水面及河岸人為噪聲的干擾,并且其頻帶受限,需依賴復(fù)雜而高效的信號處理技術(shù)。電磁波也經(jīng)常被用于水下通信以發(fā)揮其優(yōu)勢,但是電磁波在水下傳播時面臨嚴重的衰減[5],尤其是高頻電磁波,其衰減嚴重限制了通信距離和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率[6]。此外,高頻電磁波的傳播距離與發(fā)射功率呈指數(shù)級關(guān)系,這進一步限制了通信范圍。雖然低頻電磁波在水中的衰減相對較低,但使用低頻電磁波進行通信會引發(fā)其他問題,包括通信帶寬受限以及需要設(shè)計復(fù)雜龐大的接收天線[7],并且相較于海水,淡水的電導(dǎo)率更低、溫差更大,這會加劇高頻電磁波的衰減。這些挑戰(zhàn)推動著水下通信領(lǐng)域不斷探索創(chuàng)新技術(shù)解決方案,以克服高頻電磁波衰減和低頻電磁波天線長度等問題,從而提升水下通信的性能與可行性。

本文提出一種采用極板陣列的新型水下通信系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)通過在發(fā)射器和接收器設(shè)置多塊均勻排布的極板陣列,控制發(fā)射頻率在甚低頻[8],利用電場在水中傳播的特點,有效提升接收信號強度[9-10]。與傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)相比,新系統(tǒng)采用簡單的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,在不增加發(fā)射功率的條件下就能擴大通信距離,從而改善水下通信的性能與可行性。這種技術(shù)創(chuàng)新為解決高頻電磁波衰減和低頻電磁波天線長度等問題提供了新的思路,有望在水下通信領(lǐng)域取得重要進展。


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作者信息:

付國航,金建輝

(昆明理工大學(xué) 信息工程與自動化學(xué)院, 云南 昆明650500)


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