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基于Vivaldi的超宽带低剖面天线设计
电子技术应用
郭德嘉1,2,孙慧峰1,2
1.中国科学院 空天信息创新研究院;2.中国科学院大学 电子电气与通信工程学院
摘要: 针对超宽带小型化雷达系统的需求背景,设计了一款通过交趾耦合形成天线间紧耦合结构的超宽带低剖面阵列天线。该阵列天线单元首先在传统Vivaldi天线结构上增设了一对带圆形腔体的弧形槽,从而使传统Vivaldi天线顶端呈现类似偶极子辐射结构的形态;然后通过采用交趾耦合结构起到天线间紧耦合作用,明显降低了天线的整体剖面高度;接下来在天线单元上层引入介质匹配层,进一步改善了匹配效果。仿真结果表明:设计的阵列天线在2.5~15 GHz工作频段内,其驻波比均小于2,12×12天线阵列最大增益大于20 dB,阵列天线单元剖面高度仅为15 mm(0.125倍低频波长)。因此,设计的天线在保证超宽带性能下还大大降低了天线的剖面高度,具有较高的工程应用价值。
中圖分類號:TN82 文獻標志碼:A DOI:
中文引用格式: 郭德嘉,孫慧峰. 基于Vivaldi的超寬帶低剖面天線設計[J]. 電子技術應用,2024,50(6):52-56.
英文引用格式: Guo Dejia,Sun Huifeng. Design of ultra-wideband low-profile antenna based on Vivaldi[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2024,50(6):52-56.
Design of ultra-wideband low-profile antenna based on Vivaldi
Guo Dejia1,2,Sun Huifeng1,2
1.Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abstract: In response to the demand for miniaturized ultra-wideband radar systems, a novel ultra-wideband low-profile antenna array is designed with close coupling between antenna elements achieved through a cross-coupling structure. The proposed array antenna unit enhances the traditional Vivaldi antenna structure by introducing a pair of arc-shaped slots with circular cavities, giving it a dipole-like radiation pattern at the top of the Vivaldi antenna. The cross-coupling structure is employed to achieve tight coupling between the antenna elements, significantly reducing the overall profile height of the antenna. Additionally, a dielectric matching layer is introduced on top of the antenna unit to further improve the matching performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed array antenna exhibits a standing wave ratio of less than 2 across the 2.6 GHz to 15 GHz frequency range. The maximum gain of the 12×12 antenna array exceeds 20 dB, while the profile height of the array antenna unit is merely 15 mm (0.125 times the low-frequency wavelength). Hence, this antenna design not only meets the requirements of ultra-wideband performance but also greatly reduces the profile height of the antenna, offering significant engineering applications.
Key words : ultra-wideband;low profile;tightly coupled;Vivaldi antenna

引言

隨著當前軍事技術的飛速發(fā)展以及無線通信應用領域的不斷拓展,陣列天線廣泛地應用于飛機、導彈、衛(wèi)星等相應特定載體的雷達系統(tǒng)中[1]。這些雷達系統(tǒng)不滿足于單一的探測或通信功能,希望能夠盡可能多地實現(xiàn)偵察、干擾、探測、通信等功能的組合[2-5],這對雷達天線帶寬提出了很高的要求。功能增多,雷達系統(tǒng)復雜度也隨之增加,由于受到立體空間的限制,如何實現(xiàn)雷達前端天線小型化成為了雷達設計需要解決的另一個關鍵性問題。傳統(tǒng)Vivaldi天線頻帶寬,但是剖面較高[6-9],不利于雷達系統(tǒng)小型化,滿足不了實際工程應用需求。

為了應對上述提出的帶寬需要達到超寬帶低剖面、易共形的天線設計要求,設計了一款基于傳統(tǒng)Vivaldi天線緊耦合形式的超寬帶低剖面天線,其帶寬能達到約6個倍頻程,剖面高度為15 mm(0.125,為低頻波長),其結(jié)構簡單,可以采用印刷線路板加工方式,加工難度低[10],實際應用前景廣泛。


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作者信息:

郭德嘉1,2,孫慧峰1,2

(1.中國科學院 空天信息創(chuàng)新研究院,北京 100094;2.中國科學院大學 電子電氣與通信工程學院,北京 100049)


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