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短視頻沉迷中的智能推薦算法反思與規(guī)制
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
楊美玲,潘靜
北京郵電大學(xué)人文學(xué)院
摘要: 短視頻沉迷現(xiàn)象的蔓延與智能推薦算法的深度應(yīng)用密切相關(guān),已成為影響個(gè)體發(fā)展與社會(huì)治理的重要議題。智能推薦算法通過(guò)“數(shù)據(jù)畫像—強(qiáng)化推送—即時(shí)反饋”的技術(shù)閉環(huán)持續(xù)捕獲用戶注意力,由此誘發(fā)系統(tǒng)性公共健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?,F(xiàn)行治理框架在算法層面存在顯著滯后性,突出表現(xiàn)為算法責(zé)任認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模糊、立法供給不足以及監(jiān)管機(jī)制的碎片化。因此,短視頻沉迷中智能推薦算法的治理應(yīng)以技術(shù)特性為基礎(chǔ)、社會(huì)影響為導(dǎo)向、法律回應(yīng)為保障的階梯式治理路徑:在法律層面,明確沉迷認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),構(gòu)建算法風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)與三元責(zé)任體系;在監(jiān)管層面,建立算法動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)機(jī)制,推行監(jiān)管沙盒與階梯式干預(yù);在多元共治層面,完善行業(yè)自律,暢通公眾參與渠道,推進(jìn)國(guó)際規(guī)則對(duì)接。希冀為破解算法驅(qū)動(dòng)型沉迷提供實(shí)操路徑,也為數(shù)字時(shí)代技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的法律規(guī)制提供范式參考。
中圖分類號(hào):D922.16文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.11.013引用格式:楊美玲,潘靜. 短視頻沉迷中的智能推薦算法反思與規(guī)制[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2025,44(11):79-85,92.
Reflection and regulation of intelligent recommendation algorithms in short video addiction
Yang Meiling,Pan Jing
College of Humanities, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Abstract: The proliferation of short video addiction is closely associated with the deep-seated application of intelligent recommendation algorithms, emerging as a significant issue affecting individual development and social governance. Intelligent recommendation algorithms continuously capture users′ attention through the technical closedloop of "data profiling—enhanced push—instant feedback", thereby inducing systemic public health risks. The current governance framework shows remarkable lag at the algorithmic level, mainly manifested in vague criteria for algorithmic liability determination, insufficient legislation, and fragmented regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, the governance of intelligent recommendation algorithms in short video addiction should adopt a laddered governance path based on technical characteristics, guided by social impacts, and guaranteed by legal responses: at the legal level, clarify the standards for identifying addiction, and establish the algorithm risk classification and three-party liability system; at the regulatory level, establish a dynamic monitoring mechanism for algorithms, and implement regulatory sandboxes and stepwise interventions; at the multi-stakeholder co-governance level, improve industry self-regulation, smooth channels for public participation, and promote the alignment of international rules. It is expected to provide practical approaches for tackling algorithm-driven addiction and offer paradigmatic reference for the legal regulation of technological risks in the digital era.
Key words : short video; addiction; intelligent recommendation algorithm; legal regulation; multistakeholder governance

引言

短視頻是以連續(xù)畫面、背景音樂(lè)及字母等組成的區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)長(zhǎng)視頻(影視劇、綜藝等)的內(nèi)容載體[1]。中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心(CNNIC)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,截至2024年12月,我國(guó)短視頻用戶規(guī)模已達(dá)10.40億,網(wǎng)民使用率高達(dá)93.8%[2],位居各類互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用前列?!吨袊?guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)視聽(tīng)發(fā)展研究報(bào)告(2024)》數(shù)據(jù)亦顯示,人均單日短視頻使用時(shí)長(zhǎng)已達(dá)151 min,遠(yuǎn)超其他互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用。過(guò)度使用短視頻不僅影響學(xué)業(yè)和工作,更可能造成認(rèn)知失調(diào)和情緒波動(dòng),甚至存在間歇性停工的潛在危害[3]。智能推薦算法作為短視頻平臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶增長(zhǎng)的核心技術(shù),其對(duì)沉迷現(xiàn)象的驅(qū)動(dòng)作用尚未得到充分規(guī)制。我國(guó)既有研究多聚焦于算法責(zé)任認(rèn)定、平臺(tái)義務(wù)界定、未成年人保護(hù)措施以及算法監(jiān)管立法完善等方面,主張通過(guò)加強(qiáng)算法透明度、強(qiáng)化分級(jí)管理等手段規(guī)制平臺(tái)行為。然而,這些結(jié)論往往存在將算法技術(shù)“工具化”而忽視其沉迷誘導(dǎo)邏輯,容易簡(jiǎn)化平臺(tái)責(zé)任認(rèn)定,同時(shí)現(xiàn)有法律體系下結(jié)構(gòu)性缺陷分析不足,導(dǎo)致對(duì)策建議的實(shí)操性有限。

據(jù)此,有必要圍繞智能推薦算法與短視頻沉迷的交互關(guān)系展開(kāi)研究。首先,解構(gòu)智能推薦算法的技術(shù)特性,闡明其通過(guò)神經(jīng)心理學(xué)機(jī)制強(qiáng)化用戶依賴的本質(zhì),論證法律規(guī)制的必要性。其次,剖析當(dāng)前治理困境,包括沉迷判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)缺乏、“立法+行政”雙軌制執(zhí)行效果不彰、監(jiān)管與自律協(xié)同失效等,揭示傳統(tǒng)規(guī)制手段適配短板。最后,從法律規(guī)范完善、監(jiān)管模式轉(zhuǎn)型和多元共治機(jī)制三個(gè)層面,提出針對(duì)性治理方案。這不僅為破解算法驅(qū)動(dòng)型短視頻沉迷提供實(shí)操路徑,更為數(shù)字時(shí)代技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的法律規(guī)制提供范式參考,推動(dòng)從“被動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)”到“主動(dòng)構(gòu)建”的治理轉(zhuǎn)型。


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作者信息:

楊美玲,潘靜

(北京郵電大學(xué)人文學(xué)院,北京100876)


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