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短视频沉迷中的智能推荐算法反思与规制
网络安全与数据治理
杨美玲,潘静
北京邮电大学人文学院
摘要: 短视频沉迷现象的蔓延与智能推荐算法的深度应用密切相关,已成为影响个体发展与社会治理的重要议题。智能推荐算法通过“数据画像—强化推送—即时反馈”的技术闭环持续捕获用户注意力,由此诱发系统性公共健康风险。现行治理框架在算法层面存在显著滞后性,突出表现为算法责任认定标准模糊、立法供给不足以及监管机制的碎片化。因此,短视频沉迷中智能推荐算法的治理应以技术特性为基础、社会影响为导向、法律回应为保障的阶梯式治理路径:在法律层面,明确沉迷认定标准,构建算法风险分级与三元责任体系;在监管层面,建立算法动态监测机制,推行监管沙盒与阶梯式干预;在多元共治层面,完善行业自律,畅通公众参与渠道,推进国际规则对接。希冀为破解算法驱动型沉迷提供实操路径,也为数字时代技术风险的法律规制提供范式参考。
中圖分類號(hào):D922.16文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.11.013引用格式:楊美玲,潘靜. 短視頻沉迷中的智能推薦算法反思與規(guī)制[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2025,44(11):79-85,92.
Reflection and regulation of intelligent recommendation algorithms in short video addiction
Yang Meiling,Pan Jing
College of Humanities, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Abstract: The proliferation of short video addiction is closely associated with the deep-seated application of intelligent recommendation algorithms, emerging as a significant issue affecting individual development and social governance. Intelligent recommendation algorithms continuously capture users′ attention through the technical closedloop of "data profiling—enhanced push—instant feedback", thereby inducing systemic public health risks. The current governance framework shows remarkable lag at the algorithmic level, mainly manifested in vague criteria for algorithmic liability determination, insufficient legislation, and fragmented regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, the governance of intelligent recommendation algorithms in short video addiction should adopt a laddered governance path based on technical characteristics, guided by social impacts, and guaranteed by legal responses: at the legal level, clarify the standards for identifying addiction, and establish the algorithm risk classification and three-party liability system; at the regulatory level, establish a dynamic monitoring mechanism for algorithms, and implement regulatory sandboxes and stepwise interventions; at the multi-stakeholder co-governance level, improve industry self-regulation, smooth channels for public participation, and promote the alignment of international rules. It is expected to provide practical approaches for tackling algorithm-driven addiction and offer paradigmatic reference for the legal regulation of technological risks in the digital era.
Key words : short video; addiction; intelligent recommendation algorithm; legal regulation; multistakeholder governance

引言

短視頻是以連續(xù)畫面、背景音樂及字母等組成的區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)長(zhǎng)視頻(影視劇、綜藝等)的內(nèi)容載體[1]。中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心(CNNIC)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,截至2024年12月,我國(guó)短視頻用戶規(guī)模已達(dá)10.40億,網(wǎng)民使用率高達(dá)93.8%[2],位居各類互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用前列?!吨袊?guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)視聽發(fā)展研究報(bào)告(2024)》數(shù)據(jù)亦顯示,人均單日短視頻使用時(shí)長(zhǎng)已達(dá)151 min,遠(yuǎn)超其他互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用。過度使用短視頻不僅影響學(xué)業(yè)和工作,更可能造成認(rèn)知失調(diào)和情緒波動(dòng),甚至存在間歇性停工的潛在危害[3]。智能推薦算法作為短視頻平臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶增長(zhǎng)的核心技術(shù),其對(duì)沉迷現(xiàn)象的驅(qū)動(dòng)作用尚未得到充分規(guī)制。我國(guó)既有研究多聚焦于算法責(zé)任認(rèn)定、平臺(tái)義務(wù)界定、未成年人保護(hù)措施以及算法監(jiān)管立法完善等方面,主張通過加強(qiáng)算法透明度、強(qiáng)化分級(jí)管理等手段規(guī)制平臺(tái)行為。然而,這些結(jié)論往往存在將算法技術(shù)“工具化”而忽視其沉迷誘導(dǎo)邏輯,容易簡(jiǎn)化平臺(tái)責(zé)任認(rèn)定,同時(shí)現(xiàn)有法律體系下結(jié)構(gòu)性缺陷分析不足,導(dǎo)致對(duì)策建議的實(shí)操性有限。

據(jù)此,有必要圍繞智能推薦算法與短視頻沉迷的交互關(guān)系展開研究。首先,解構(gòu)智能推薦算法的技術(shù)特性,闡明其通過神經(jīng)心理學(xué)機(jī)制強(qiáng)化用戶依賴的本質(zhì),論證法律規(guī)制的必要性。其次,剖析當(dāng)前治理困境,包括沉迷判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)缺乏、“立法+行政”雙軌制執(zhí)行效果不彰、監(jiān)管與自律協(xié)同失效等,揭示傳統(tǒng)規(guī)制手段適配短板。最后,從法律規(guī)范完善、監(jiān)管模式轉(zhuǎn)型和多元共治機(jī)制三個(gè)層面,提出針對(duì)性治理方案。這不僅為破解算法驅(qū)動(dòng)型短視頻沉迷提供實(shí)操路徑,更為數(shù)字時(shí)代技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的法律規(guī)制提供范式參考,推動(dòng)從“被動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)”到“主動(dòng)構(gòu)建”的治理轉(zhuǎn)型。


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作者信息:

楊美玲,潘靜

(北京郵電大學(xué)人文學(xué)院,北京100876)


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