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基于双轴激光扫描的煤仓物位深度检测系统
电子技术应用
李大威1,李亚宁2,张恩华1,张丽军2,李亚帅2
1.中北大学 电气与控制工程学院,山西 太原030051;2.山西戴德测控技术股份有限公司
摘要: 为了准确测量煤仓物位的深度信息,避免物位过高或过低对输煤过程造成影响,提出了一种基于双轴激光扫描的煤仓物位深度检测系统。系统采用双轴振镜结构实现大视场扫描,完成物位面任意位置的激光测距。搭建了符合双轴振镜与激光测距的同步光路结构,设计了调焦模块用于光束整形。在动态调焦测试中,对2 m~5 m范围内的光斑变化进行了测试,光斑直径均小于0.5 mm,符合聚焦照射待测物面的设计要求。物面深度实验中,分别测试了距离为2 m和5 m的物面高度,测试偏转角介于0°~20°之间。实验结果显示,两个测试条件下,最大误差为23 mm,物位上下限的测试结果的误差均小于0.5%以内。该双轴激光扫描系统精度高、视场大,且具备在线实时测试的能力,在煤仓物位检测领域具有较高的实用价值。
中圖分類號(hào):TD679 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.256599
中文引用格式: 李大威,李亞寧,張恩華,等. 基于雙軸激光掃描的煤倉物位深度檢測系統(tǒng)[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2025,51(12):126-130.
英文引用格式: Li Dawei,Li Yaning,Zhang Enhua,et al. Coal bunker level depth detection system based on dual axis laser scanning[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2025,51(12):126-130.
Coal bunker level depth detection system based on dual axis laser scanning
Li Dawei1,Li Yaning2,Zhang Enhua1,Zhang Lijun2,Li Yashuai2
1.School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China;2.Shanxi Dedicated Measurement Control Co.,Ltd.
Abstract: To accurately measure the depth information of coal bunker level and avoid the impact of high or low level on coal transportation process, a coal bunker level depth detection system based on dual axis laser scanning is proposed. The system adopts a dual axis galvanometer structure to achieve wide field scanning and complete laser ranging at any position on the object surface. We have built a synchronous optical path structure that conforms to the dual axis galvanometer and laser ranging, and designed a focusing module for beam shaping. In the dynamic focusing test, the variation of the light spot within the range of 2 m~5 m was tested, and the diameter of the light spot was all less than 0.5 mm, which meets the design requirements for focusing and illuminating the test object surface. In the depth experiment of the object surface, the height of the object surface was tested at distances of 2 m and 5 m, and the measured deflection angle was between 0°~ 20°. The experimental results show that under two testing conditions, the maximum error is 23 mm, and the error of the test results for the upper and lower limits of the material level is less than 0.5%. The dual axis laser scanning system has high accuracy, a large field of view, and the ability for online real-time testing, which has high practical value in the field of coal bunker level detection.
Key words : dual axis laser scanning;coal bunker level;depth measurement;dynamic focusing

引言

煤倉是煤礦中重要的儲(chǔ)存設(shè)備[1],煤倉中煤的深度位置必須設(shè)置在合理區(qū)間。如果煤倉中物位太高,存在溢料風(fēng)險(xiǎn),不僅會(huì)影響生產(chǎn)效率,還對(duì)煤倉周圍有安全隱患。而物位太低時(shí),從倉頂?shù)絺}底的高度差太大,掉落的煤炭容易造成倉體損壞。所以,煤倉的物位深度實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測具有重要意義。

煤倉物位的自動(dòng)深度測試方法主要有:電容傳感法、雷達(dá)測距法、光學(xué)成像法和激光掃描法[2-6]。電容傳感法將傳感器與煤層接觸形成等效電容。宗偉林等人[7]采用定點(diǎn)小電容實(shí)現(xiàn)了煤粉粉位的檢測,雖大幅提升了測試穩(wěn)定性,但不能在輸煤過程中測試,影響工作效率。雷達(dá)測距法是利用雷達(dá)發(fā)射無線電波測試倉頂?shù)矫簩颖砻娴木嚯x,從而判斷物料高度。楊雪等人[8]采用26 GHz高頻雷達(dá)對(duì)煤位數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測。該方法具備非接觸快速測量的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但微波雷達(dá)是范圍測試,難以獲得整體物位的分布情況。光學(xué)成像法通過拍照獲取測試區(qū)域物料的分布特性,可實(shí)現(xiàn)整體物位分布情況。趙睿等人[9]通過圖像二值化配合雙目結(jié)構(gòu),煤位最大誤差率小于1.8%。徐慧瓊等人[10]通過FPGA與CCD獲取煤位數(shù)據(jù),檢測誤差優(yōu)于5%。但基于圖像的處理方法受環(huán)境光影響明顯。激光掃描法是利用線激光器作為光源,對(duì)煤倉煤位進(jìn)行掃描,測距計(jì)算物位高度的方法。孫繼平等人[11-12]采用激光三角法測量物位深度,深度識(shí)別精度優(yōu)于0.6 m。張衛(wèi)等人[13]將激光物位檢測用于顎式破碎機(jī),實(shí)現(xiàn)了全自動(dòng)物料檢測,測距精度優(yōu)于50 cm。

綜上所述,激光雷達(dá)指向性好、精度高,但不規(guī)則的物料表面會(huì)使個(gè)別測試位置出現(xiàn)粗大誤差,形成虛假信號(hào)。為了降低不規(guī)則物面對(duì)測試結(jié)果的影響,本文提出了一種雙軸激光掃描的物位檢測系統(tǒng)。


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http://ihrv.cn/resource/share/2000006888


作者信息:

李大威1,李亞寧2,張恩華1,張麗軍2,李亞帥2

(1.中北大學(xué) 電氣與控制工程學(xué)院,山西 太原030051;

2.山西戴德測控技術(shù)股份有限公司,山西 榆次 030600)


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