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网络滋扰行为的刑法规制
网络安全与数据治理
陈佳雯
江苏省宿迁市中级人民法院
摘要: 网络滋扰行为是指借助网络之手对特定人实施纠缠、追踪、监视、曝光身份等具有反复持续性的行为。该行为虽滋生于虚拟网络,但危害后果最终会“落地”现实生活。其不仅侵犯公民的精神安宁领地,还会演化为更加严重的暴力犯罪。近年来,网络滋扰普遍多发却未能受到有效遏制。究其原因,我国非刑事法律对该类行为规制力度不足以及相关罪名的解释适用出现困境。为了防阻网络滋扰的蔓延,保护公民人身完整性,有必要在刑法中增设跟踪纠缠罪,运用冒犯原则加以正当化。在罪状构想上,建议先采取“危险犯”的立法模式,再对主客观构成要件选择性记述;在刑罚设置上,建议先定位轻罪再适用同类法定刑,保证量刑的均衡;在追诉机制上,建议将跟踪纠缠罪归属于亲告罪,由被害人告诉才处理。
中圖分類號:D920文獻標(biāo)識碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.02.011
引用格式:陳佳雯. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾行為的刑法規(guī)制[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2025,44(2):67-72.
Criminal law regulation of cyber harassment
Chen Jiawen
Suqian Intermediate People′s Court
Abstract: Cyberstalking is a persistent and repetitive behavior that targets specific individuals by harassing, pursuing, monitoring, and disclosing their identities through internet. Although it originates in the virtual world, its harmful consequences eventually manifest in real life. It not only infringes on the mental tranquility of citizens but also escalates into more severe violent crimes. In recent years, cyberstalking has become increasingly prevalent but has not been effectively curbed. The reasons for this include regulation by non-criminal laws in China and difficulties in the interpretation and application of related criminal charges. To prevent the proliferation of cyberstalking and protect the personal of citizens, it is necessary to add a new offense of stalking and harassment to the Criminal Law, which can be justified by the principle of offense. In terms of the elements of the crime, it is suggested to first adopt the model of "dangerous offense" in legislation, and then selectively describe the subjective and objective elements; in terms of punishment, it is suggested to first classify it as a minor offense and then apply the same statutory penalty to ensure balanced sentencing; in terms of the mechanism, it is suggested to classify the offense of stalking and harassment as a quasi-tort offense, to be prosecuted only upon the complaint of the victim.
Key words : cyber harassment; criminal law regulation; personal protection integrity

引言

針對網(wǎng)絡(luò)類犯罪,國內(nèi)學(xué)者一直將目光聚焦于網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)賭博這些重點傳統(tǒng)犯罪,并沒有關(guān)注一些輕微型犯罪的危害。近些年來,國內(nèi)“德陽安醫(yī)生游泳池事件”“王冰冰遭人肉曝光隱私事件”“劉學(xué)州事件”不斷上演,都客觀證實了網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾這一新型輕微犯罪現(xiàn)象的存在,已嚴(yán)重干擾到公民的精神安寧,呈犯罪化趨勢。網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾的表現(xiàn)形式通常是行為人通過各類即時通信媒介私自對他人多次實施騷擾、發(fā)送定位邀約、監(jiān)視跟蹤網(wǎng)絡(luò)軌跡或者在網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺傳播他人相關(guān)身份信息、發(fā)布對他人不利動態(tài)甚至假冒他人。一方面,這類行為往往會造成泛化負(fù)面影響,突破他人精神自由的邊界防線,形成心理壓制,令他人長期處于負(fù)面情緒中進而影響正常生活。另一方面,這類行為給被害人帶來心理和生活上的雙重壓力,損害被害人的社會功能,若不加以阻止,常常會演化為更嚴(yán)重的暴力犯罪。網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾與現(xiàn)實一般滋擾有何區(qū)別?網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾本身能否定罪?是否有必要鏡鑒域外經(jīng)驗增設(shè)新罪對構(gòu)成要件進行類型化思考?如何規(guī)制以營造良好的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境?本文將對此加以研討。


本文詳細內(nèi)容請下載:

http://ihrv.cn/resource/share/2000006346


作者信息:

陳佳雯

(江蘇省宿遷市中級人民法院,江蘇宿遷223899)


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