《電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用》
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基于IR-UWB的高吞吐量、低延時(shí)MAC協(xié)議硬件設(shè)計(jì)
電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用
劉灝,林敏,鄭立寅,于澤
上海大學(xué) 通信與信息工程學(xué)院
摘要: 針對(duì)IEEE 802.15.4高速數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)膽?yīng)用場(chǎng)景,提出一種具有高吞吐量和低延時(shí)特性的定制化MAC協(xié)議?;贖RP UWB PHY對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸模型和吞吐量深入分析,并結(jié)合MAC協(xié)議的沖突避免載波偵聽(tīng)多路訪問(wèn)(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoid,CSMA-CA)和保障時(shí)隙(Guaranteed Timeslot,GTS)實(shí)時(shí)傳輸?shù)奶匦?,設(shè)計(jì)了該機(jī)制有效的管理流程。最后在Vivado中使用Verilog HDL對(duì)MAC控制器進(jìn)行硬件設(shè)計(jì)和驗(yàn)證。仿真結(jié)果表明,與經(jīng)典IEEE 802.15.4 MAC協(xié)議相比,該MAC控制器的吞吐量提高了26%,同時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸時(shí)延降低了17%。
中圖分類號(hào):TN92 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.245170
中文引用格式: 劉灝,林敏,鄭立寅,等. 基于IR-UWB的高吞吐量、低延時(shí)MAC協(xié)議硬件設(shè)計(jì)[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2024,50(10):44-50.
英文引用格式: Liu Hao,Lin Min,Zheng Liyin,et al. Hardware design for high throughput, low latency MAC protocol based on IR-UWB[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2024,50(10):44-50.
Hardware design for high throughput, low latency MAC protocol based on IR-UWB
Liu Hao,Lin Min,Zheng Liyin,Yu Ze
School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University
Abstract: For high-speed data transmission in IEEE 802.15.4, a customized MAC protocol with high-throughput and low-latency characteristic is proposed. It is concluded with in-depth analysis of the data transmission model and throughput of HRP UWB PHY, combined with the characteristics of MAC protocol’s Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA-CA) and Guaranteed Timeslot (GTS) for real-time transmission, then the effective management process of the mechanism is designed. Finally, hardware design and verification of the MAC controller is conducted using Verilog HDL in Vivado. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to the classic IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol, the proposed MAC controller improves its throughput by 26% and reduces data transmission latency by 17%.
Key words : IEEE 802.15.4;high-speed data transmission;high-throughput;low-latency;MAC protocol;UWB;Verilog

引言

脈沖無(wú)線電超寬帶(Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband,IR-UWB)是一種直接利用納秒脈沖作為載體進(jìn)行無(wú)線電傳輸?shù)募夹g(shù),因此UWB信號(hào)的持續(xù)時(shí)間很短,導(dǎo)致超過(guò)500 MHz的瞬時(shí)帶寬和低功率譜密度,使UWB技術(shù)相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)通信系統(tǒng)在密集多徑環(huán)境和高數(shù)據(jù)速率條件下具有顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)[1-2]。

IEEE 802.15.4標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一種常見(jiàn)的IR-UWB媒體接入控制(Media Access Control,MAC)協(xié)議。信道接入時(shí)延是MAC層時(shí)延的重要組成部分,由于IEEE 802.15.4 MAC協(xié)議采用TDMA與CSMA-CA混合的信道接入方式,會(huì)增加時(shí)間開(kāi)銷,尤其是在傳輸大數(shù)據(jù)量業(yè)務(wù)時(shí),頻繁退避競(jìng)爭(zhēng)信道產(chǎn)生的時(shí)延不能忽略,難以滿足低時(shí)延需求[3-4]。時(shí)隙空閑時(shí)間無(wú)法被有效利用,還將導(dǎo)致MAC層吞吐量不足。

本文針對(duì)大數(shù)據(jù)量無(wú)線傳輸?shù)膽?yīng)用場(chǎng)景,在IEEE 802.15.4 MAC協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)CSMA-CA算法為傳輸MAC命令幀競(jìng)爭(zhēng)信道,利用確認(rèn)幀快速響應(yīng),收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)切換數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率,從而建立點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)高效直連,為節(jié)點(diǎn)傳輸減少了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)信道的次數(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸時(shí)延,利用時(shí)隙空閑時(shí)間傳輸增加數(shù)據(jù)幀數(shù)量,從而增加MAC層吞吐量。


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作者信息:

劉灝,林敏,鄭立寅,于澤

(上海大學(xué) 通信與信息工程學(xué)院,上海 200444)


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