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網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾行為的刑法規(guī)制
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
陳佳雯
江蘇省宿遷市中級(jí)人民法院
摘要: 網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾行為是指借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)之手對(duì)特定人實(shí)施糾纏、追蹤、監(jiān)視、曝光身份等具有反復(fù)持續(xù)性的行為。該行為雖滋生于虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò),但危害后果最終會(huì)“落地”現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。其不僅侵犯公民的精神安寧領(lǐng)地,還會(huì)演化為更加嚴(yán)重的暴力犯罪。近年來,網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾普遍多發(fā)卻未能受到有效遏制。究其原因,我國非刑事法律對(duì)該類行為規(guī)制力度不足以及相關(guān)罪名的解釋適用出現(xiàn)困境。為了防阻網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾的蔓延,保護(hù)公民人身完整性,有必要在刑法中增設(shè)跟蹤糾纏罪,運(yùn)用冒犯原則加以正當(dāng)化。在罪狀構(gòu)想上,建議先采取“危險(xiǎn)犯”的立法模式,再對(duì)主客觀構(gòu)成要件選擇性記述;在刑罰設(shè)置上,建議先定位輕罪再適用同類法定刑,保證量刑的均衡;在追訴機(jī)制上,建議將跟蹤糾纏罪歸屬于親告罪,由被害人告訴才處理。
中圖分類號(hào):D920文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.02.011
引用格式:陳佳雯. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾行為的刑法規(guī)制[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2025,44(2):67-72.
Criminal law regulation of cyber harassment
Chen Jiawen
Suqian Intermediate People′s Court
Abstract: Cyberstalking is a persistent and repetitive behavior that targets specific individuals by harassing, pursuing, monitoring, and disclosing their identities through internet. Although it originates in the virtual world, its harmful consequences eventually manifest in real life. It not only infringes on the mental tranquility of citizens but also escalates into more severe violent crimes. In recent years, cyberstalking has become increasingly prevalent but has not been effectively curbed. The reasons for this include regulation by non-criminal laws in China and difficulties in the interpretation and application of related criminal charges. To prevent the proliferation of cyberstalking and protect the personal of citizens, it is necessary to add a new offense of stalking and harassment to the Criminal Law, which can be justified by the principle of offense. In terms of the elements of the crime, it is suggested to first adopt the model of "dangerous offense" in legislation, and then selectively describe the subjective and objective elements; in terms of punishment, it is suggested to first classify it as a minor offense and then apply the same statutory penalty to ensure balanced sentencing; in terms of the mechanism, it is suggested to classify the offense of stalking and harassment as a quasi-tort offense, to be prosecuted only upon the complaint of the victim.
Key words : cyber harassment; criminal law regulation; personal protection integrity

引言

針對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)類犯罪,國內(nèi)學(xué)者一直將目光聚焦于網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)賭博這些重點(diǎn)傳統(tǒng)犯罪,并沒有關(guān)注一些輕微型犯罪的危害。近些年來,國內(nèi)“德陽安醫(yī)生游泳池事件”“王冰冰遭人肉曝光隱私事件”“劉學(xué)州事件”不斷上演,都客觀證實(shí)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾這一新型輕微犯罪現(xiàn)象的存在,已嚴(yán)重干擾到公民的精神安寧,呈犯罪化趨勢。網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾的表現(xiàn)形式通常是行為人通過各類即時(shí)通信媒介私自對(duì)他人多次實(shí)施騷擾、發(fā)送定位邀約、監(jiān)視跟蹤網(wǎng)絡(luò)軌跡或者在網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)傳播他人相關(guān)身份信息、發(fā)布對(duì)他人不利動(dòng)態(tài)甚至假冒他人。一方面,這類行為往往會(huì)造成泛化負(fù)面影響,突破他人精神自由的邊界防線,形成心理壓制,令他人長期處于負(fù)面情緒中進(jìn)而影響正常生活。另一方面,這類行為給被害人帶來心理和生活上的雙重壓力,損害被害人的社會(huì)功能,若不加以阻止,常常會(huì)演化為更嚴(yán)重的暴力犯罪。網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾與現(xiàn)實(shí)一般滋擾有何區(qū)別?網(wǎng)絡(luò)滋擾本身能否定罪?是否有必要鏡鑒域外經(jīng)驗(yàn)增設(shè)新罪對(duì)構(gòu)成要件進(jìn)行類型化思考?如何規(guī)制以營造良好的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境?本文將對(duì)此加以研討。


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http://ihrv.cn/resource/share/2000006346


作者信息:

陳佳雯

(江蘇省宿遷市中級(jí)人民法院,江蘇宿遷223899)


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