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國(guó)外微觀數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值挖掘?qū)嵺`及對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示——基于隱私計(jì)算技術(shù)視角
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
董波1,2,高金莎1,2,方丹1,2
1.之江實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與合作中心; 2.浙江省哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室—之江實(shí)驗(yàn)室智能社會(huì)治理實(shí)驗(yàn)室
摘要: 微觀數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值挖掘?qū)x能經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展具有重要意義,以統(tǒng)計(jì)局為代表的國(guó)家有關(guān)部門也在積極推動(dòng)微觀數(shù)據(jù)的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用。而隨著數(shù)據(jù)隱私安全重要性的不斷凸顯,隱私計(jì)算技術(shù)成為了有效平衡微觀數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用和安全保護(hù)的重要途徑。圍繞政策支撐、技術(shù)賦能、多主體合作、法律保障等方面詳細(xì)梳理了國(guó)外關(guān)于隱私計(jì)算技術(shù)賦能微觀數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用的重要舉措,為我國(guó)政府進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展微觀數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用工作提供有益參考。
中圖分類號(hào):G203;D63文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.12.008引用格式:董波,高金莎,方丹. 國(guó)外微觀數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值挖掘?qū)嵺`及對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示——基于隱私計(jì)算技術(shù)視角[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2025,44(12):55-61.
The practice of the international microdata value mining and its implications: from the perspective of privacy computing technology
Dong Bo1,2,Gao Jinsha1,2,F(xiàn)ang Dan1,2
1. Development Strategy and Cooperation Center,Zhejiang Laboratory; 2. Zhejiang Labs for Philosophy and Social Sciences—Laboratory for Intelligent Society and Governance in Zhejiang Laboratory
Abstract: The value mining of microdata plays a significant role in empowering socioeconomic development. Relevant national authorities, represented by statistical bureaus, are actively promoting the development and application of microdata. With the growing importance of data privacy and security, privacy computing technology has emerged as an effective approach to balance the development and application of microdata with security protection. This study comprehensively reviews international initiatives regarding the application of privacy computing technology in microdata, focusing on policy support, technological empowerment, multistakeholder collaboration, and legal safeguards, aiming to provide valuable references for the Chinese government to further advance the development and application of microdata.
Key words : microdata;privacy computing technology;value mining

引言

2018年我國(guó)提出:“要建立健全大數(shù)據(jù)輔助科學(xué)決策和社會(huì)治理的機(jī)制,推進(jìn)政府管理和社會(huì)治理模式創(chuàng)新?!?a class="innerlink" href="http://ihrv.cn/tags/微觀數(shù)據(jù)" target="_blank">微觀數(shù)據(jù)包含豐富的企業(yè)、住戶等個(gè)體數(shù)據(jù),背后潛藏著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),對(duì)政府宏觀調(diào)控、開(kāi)展深層次學(xué)術(shù)研究等都具有重大意義。挖掘微觀數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值,賦能經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展具有重要戰(zhàn)略意義。但長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),受限于數(shù)據(jù)安全、個(gè)人隱私保護(hù)、制度不完善等因素,我國(guó)的微觀數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值并未得到充分挖掘和釋放。近年來(lái),隨著數(shù)據(jù)要素市場(chǎng)持續(xù)健全和深化,數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)放共享的需求持續(xù)攀升,數(shù)據(jù)安全和隱私保護(hù)的重要性愈發(fā)凸顯。隱私計(jì)算技術(shù)通過(guò)有效平衡數(shù)據(jù)流通與隱私安全成為解決數(shù)據(jù)有效流通難題的關(guān)鍵途徑。而從國(guó)際上看,歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和地區(qū)已經(jīng)紛紛利用隱私計(jì)算技術(shù)賦能微觀數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)發(fā)。但技術(shù)使用的同時(shí)需要法律、政策、組織等多方面要素的合力支撐,才能最大化技術(shù)應(yīng)用效能。因此在利用隱私計(jì)算技術(shù)賦能微觀數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值挖掘的過(guò)程中,歐盟國(guó)家也制定了相應(yīng)的法律和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),明確組織機(jī)構(gòu)和開(kāi)發(fā)流程。本文通過(guò)系統(tǒng)分析和總結(jié)歐美國(guó)家和地區(qū)在微觀數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值挖掘過(guò)程中所采取的隱私計(jì)算技術(shù)應(yīng)用、政策和法律制定、多主體合作等方面的舉措,為我國(guó)進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展微觀數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用工作提供有益參考。


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作者信息:

董波1,2,高金莎1,2,方丹1,2

(1.之江實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與合作中心,浙江杭州311121; 

2.浙江省哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室—之江實(shí)驗(yàn)室智能社會(huì)治理實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 浙江杭州311121)


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