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《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》背景下告知同意規(guī)則的檢視與改進(jìn)
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 6期
羅陳鑫
(華東政法大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)院,上海200050)
摘要: 告知同意規(guī)則雖然是國際通行的個(gè)人信息保護(hù)規(guī)則,但在實(shí)踐中面臨著多重困境。《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》在堅(jiān)持采納告知同意規(guī)則的同時(shí)也對其采取了一系列修正措施。但從《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》的適用現(xiàn)狀來看,告知同意規(guī)則面臨的實(shí)踐困境并沒有得到改善,信息處理者與信息主體之間仍然處于利益失衡的狀態(tài)。檢視《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》所采取的擴(kuò)張合法性基礎(chǔ)、實(shí)施信息分類與差異化保護(hù)、細(xì)化完善同意規(guī)則等修正措施,雖然一定程度上紓解了同意規(guī)則難以落地的窘?jīng)r,但仍存在諸多疏漏。應(yīng)采取引入合法利益豁免機(jī)制、構(gòu)建行政監(jiān)管機(jī)制、發(fā)揚(yáng)個(gè)人信息保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)理念等手段作為告知同意規(guī)則改進(jìn)完善的對癥之策。
中圖分類號:D923
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.06.005
引用格式:羅陳鑫.《個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》背景下告知同意規(guī)則的檢視與改進(jìn)[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2023,42(6):30-36.
Review and improvement of informed consent rules in the context of the implementation of Personal Information Protection Law
Luo Chenxin
(Law School of Economics, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200050, China)
Abstract: Although the informed consent rule is an internationally accepted personal information protection rule, it faces multiple dilemmas in practice. While adopting the informed consent rule, the Personal Information Protection Law also adopts a series of amendments to it. However, from the current situation of the application of the Personal Information Protection Law, the practical dilemma faced by the informed consent rule has not been resolved, and the interests between the information processor and the information subject are still in a state of imbalance. Examining the amendment measures adopted by the Personal Information Protection Law, such as expanding the legal basis, implementing the classification and differentiated protection of information, and refining the consent rules, although to a certain extent, the dilemma that the consent rules are difficult to be implemented is alleviated, there are still many problems to be solved. It is necessary to introduce the legal interest exemption mechanism, build the administrative supervision mechanism, and carry forward the design concept of personal information protection as the countermeasures to improve the informed consent rule.
Key words : informed consent; Personal Information Protection Law; exemption of legitimate interests; balance of interests; personal information protection design

0     引言

大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代個(gè)人信息保護(hù)極端重要。自《中華人民共和國個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法》(以下簡稱“《個(gè)保法》”)頒布以來,我國已經(jīng)構(gòu)建起了個(gè)人信息保護(hù)的基本制度體系?!秱€(gè)保法》在規(guī)則構(gòu)造上繼續(xù)沿用了告知同意模式,但這一模式其實(shí)在頒布之前就面臨著諸多質(zhì)疑與挑戰(zhàn)。美國著名的隱私法學(xué)者Solove提出的“同意困境”理論總結(jié)了告知同意所面臨的種種窘境,得到了很多學(xué)者的認(rèn)同與引用。有一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為針對“同意困境”,應(yīng)當(dāng)對告知同意規(guī)則作出修正;另外一些觀點(diǎn)較為激進(jìn)的學(xué)者則認(rèn)為不應(yīng)當(dāng)把同意作為個(gè)人信息處理的正當(dāng)性基礎(chǔ)。應(yīng)當(dāng)說,告知同意規(guī)則的存與廢不是一個(gè)簡單的是非題,而是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的綜合題,這一規(guī)則從根本上觸及我國的個(gè)人信息保護(hù)制度,需要全面審慎地考量。《個(gè)保法》在立法選擇上沒有直接廢除告知同意規(guī)則,而是采取了擴(kuò)張合法性基礎(chǔ)、構(gòu)建信息分類與差異化保護(hù)制度、細(xì)化完善同意規(guī)則等一系列措施對其進(jìn)行修正,以期避免告知同意規(guī)則制度目的的落空。但這些措施是否真正有效紓解了我國信息保護(hù)實(shí)踐中的“同意困境”仍然難以得到肯定。時(shí)至今日,告知同意規(guī)則在實(shí)踐上仍然面臨告知不到位、同意不真實(shí)和救濟(jì)路徑缺失等問題。因此,有必要對《個(gè)保法》背景下的告知同意規(guī)則進(jìn)行再檢視,探索進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化的對癥之策。



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作者信息:

羅陳鑫

(華東政法大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)院,上海200050)


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