西儲(chǔ)大學(xué)的學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)了一種自動(dòng)割草機(jī),通過限定割草路徑來割草,并避開障礙。該小組集合了傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" 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title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器" title="傳感器">傳感器,控制算法,系統(tǒng)控制和圖像處理進(jìn)行工程實(shí)踐。2010年6月,該小組獲得了第七屆導(dǎo)航學(xué)會(huì)(ION)自動(dòng)割草機(jī)競(jìng)賽第一名。以下介紹了他們是如何做到的。
硬件API
使用NI 9401 C系列數(shù)字I/O模塊,小組利用編碼器來測(cè)量速度和位置。通過與硬件的緊密結(jié)合,他們可以快速的從多個(gè)傳感器中獲得數(shù)據(jù)。
為了確定機(jī)器人的狀態(tài),該小組采用了數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)進(jìn)行卡爾曼濾波。他們利用了LabVIEW 內(nèi)置的數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù),對(duì)傳感器測(cè)量的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了內(nèi)聯(lián)分析。
為了檢測(cè)到障礙物,學(xué)生利用NI視覺軟件進(jìn)行采集,處理并顯示來自攝像頭的圖像。利用用戶界面,學(xué)生通過色彩和視覺紋理來識(shí)別障礙。
機(jī)器人采用嵌入式實(shí)時(shí)處理器和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門陣列(FPGA)實(shí)現(xiàn)高級(jí)控制。模塊化I/O系統(tǒng)與傳感器和制動(dòng)器連接,來進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)圖像處理。
學(xué)生利用FPGA技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)來采集時(shí)序要求嚴(yán)格的數(shù)據(jù),以控制機(jī)器人。與VHDL相比,LabVIEW 圖形化編程簡(jiǎn)化了嵌入式FPGA程序編程的復(fù)雜性。
為了整合現(xiàn)有的代碼,學(xué)生采用了調(diào)用庫(kù)函數(shù)節(jié)點(diǎn),將ANSI C中開發(fā)的算法合并到LabVIEW程序中。結(jié)合LabVIEW中的多種編程方式,學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)了代碼重用和開發(fā)優(yōu)化。