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论数字化“智力成果”保护向著作权法回归的正当性——以人工智能生成内容的保护路径选择为例
网络安全与数据治理
徐榕岭
上海大学法学院
摘要: 现阶段数字化“智力成果”不断涌现,但著作权保护之正当性却遭遇了前所未有的挑战。以人工智能生成内容为例,无论是在保护对象上、权利主体上还是受控行为上都因为技术的强势介入而产生认定难题,进而产生了适用反不正当竞争法进行保护的倾向。但事实上,适用反不正当竞争法不仅无法达到预期效果,反而会因抵触著作权法而增加社会成本。经过进一步分析,可以发现人工智能生成内容等数字化“智力成果”之上存在创作模式、技术身份和使用行为性质的认识误区。当相关误区被纠正后,著作权法完全有能力对数字化“智力成果”提供充分保护并且实现作者利益与公众利益之间的平衡。因此,正确的做法是在外部明确著作权法、反不正当竞争法和公共领域的界限,在内部利用著作权法高效的利益平衡机制寻找适合数字化“智力成果”的保护模式。
中圖分類號:D923.41文獻標識碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2024.04.013
引用格式:徐榕嶺.論數(shù)字化“智力成果”保護向著作權法回歸的正當性——以人工智能生成內容的保護路徑選擇為例[J].網(wǎng)絡安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2024,43(4):77-84.
The legitimacy of reverting digital "intellectual achievements" protection to copyright law——Background on the path selection for protecting AI-generated content
Xu Rongling
Law School, Shanghai University
Abstract: At present, a plethora of digital "intellectual achievements" continue to emerge, but the legitimacy of copyright protection has been challenged as never before. Taking AI-generated content as an example, both in the object of protection, the subject of rights, and the controlled behavior, there are difficulties in identifying because of the strong involvement of technology, which leads to the tendency of applying anti-unfair competition law for protection. However, the application of anti-unfair competition law not only fails to achieve the desired effect, but also increases social costs due to the conflict with copyright law. After further analysis, it can be found that there are misunderstandings about the creation mode, technical identity, and the nature of use behavior on digital "intellectual achievements" such as AI-generated content. When the relevant misunderstandings are corrected, copyright law is fully capable of providing adequate protection for digital "intellectual achievements" and achieving a balance between the interests of authors and the public interest. Therefore, the correct approach is to clearly define the boundaries of copyright law, anti-unfair competition law and public domain externally, and to find a protection mode suitable for digital "intellectual achievements" internally by using the efficient interest balance mechanism of copyright law.
Key words : copyright protection; unfair competition; AI-generated content; work; application relationship

引言

進入數(shù)字經濟時代后,新型數(shù)字化“智力成果”不斷涌現(xiàn),此類“智力成果”之上的使用行為也隨之更新。保護對象[1]與使用方式的創(chuàng)新是產業(yè)轉型的必然結果,但也對著作權法獨立適用形成挑戰(zhàn)。目前看來,產業(yè)數(shù)字化帶來的挑戰(zhàn)并沒有被妥善解決,司法實踐中大量本應由著作權法加以保護的“智力成果”逐漸被反不正當競爭法(以下簡稱“反法”)所吸收,對著作權法的獨立保護構成阻礙。其中一個典型是人工智能生成內容(以下簡稱“AI生成內容”),因著作權法上AI生成內容是否構成作品、歸屬于誰以及某些使用行為受控與否都存在較大爭議。盡管現(xiàn)階段司法實踐基本還是將AI生成內容置于著作權法之下作保護與否的評價,但權利人于“Dreamwriter生成作品”案中率先提出適用反法進行保護的要求,并且此種觀點在學界也受到一定支持[2],甚至有觀點認為AI生成內容應當作為物的孳息歸屬于人工智能硬件所有人[3]。其他法律規(guī)范的介入,極有可能使得AI生成內容成為下一個因適用關系不清而產生保護程度差異的客體。


本文詳細內容請下載:

http://ihrv.cn/resource/share/2000005973


作者信息:

徐榕嶺

(上海大學法學院,上海200444)


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