中圖分類號(hào)：TN929.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.234665 中文引用格式： 郗天玥，蔡愛(ài)華，翁麗娜. 空基網(wǎng)絡(luò)中定向自組網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究綜述[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用，2024，50(4)：1-10. 英文引用格式： Xi Tianyue，Cai Aihua，Weng Lina. Research on key technology of directional ad hoc networks in airborne networks[J]. Application of Electronic Technique，2024，50(4)：1-10.
Research on key technology of directional ad hoc networks in airborne networks
Xi Tianyue，Cai Aihua，Weng Lina
China Academy of Electronic and Information Technology
Abstract： Mobile ad hoc networks based on directional antennas are widely used in the military field, especially for airborne networks with the requirements of easy implementation, high concealment and high confidentiality. Directional antennas have more advantages than omni-directional antennas, which have longer transmission ranges, reduce mutual interference among nodes, and are able to achieve the improvement of spatial multiplexing capability. But the introduction of directional antennas can create problems while increasing the communication distance, causing disruptive side effects to many protocol layers. Currently, researchers at home and abroad have proposed a variety of algorithms to solve these problems. Combined with the complexity of airborne networks, it studies various algorithms and protocols proposed at home and abroad for the data link layer and network layer of mobile ad hoc networks based on directional antennas. It summarizes and compares three key technologies in recent years, namely, directional neighbor discovery algorithm, medium access control protocol and directional routing protocol. Techniques and protocols that are more suitable for use in airborne networks are proposed. Finally, it provides some directions for further research.
Key words : directional ad-hoc network；neighbor discovery algorithms；medium access control protocol；routing protocol
0 引言
隨著計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和對(duì)通信要求的提高，產(chǎn)生了一種具有無(wú)固定中心基站的網(wǎng)絡(luò)——移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)( Mobile Ad hoc Network，MANET) 。它不依賴于固定設(shè)施，能夠快速展開(kāi)，具有極強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)和生存能力，網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)地位平等，可以在網(wǎng)內(nèi)自由移動(dòng)并保持通信，而且其中任何一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的損壞都不會(huì)使整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)癱瘓。由于上述特點(diǎn)，在數(shù)字化戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)通信中，MANET已經(jīng)成為首選技術(shù)，而在當(dāng)下現(xiàn)代信息化戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，依靠強(qiáng)大的空中力量才能全面掌握戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)信息控制權(quán)，所以構(gòu)建一個(gè)易實(shí)施、保密性高的空基網(wǎng)絡(luò)化信息系統(tǒng)尤為重要[1]。但是空基網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在平臺(tái)升空高、移動(dòng)節(jié)點(diǎn)具有高速移動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)、對(duì)隱蔽性要求高的問(wèn)題，傳統(tǒng)利用全向天線的MANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)不能滿足空基網(wǎng)絡(luò)更高的通信需求。在收發(fā)天線的選擇上，隱蔽性和抗干擾性強(qiáng)、輻射功率的有效利用率高的定向天線將比傳統(tǒng)采用的全向天線更為合適。
