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數(shù)據(jù)財(cái)產(chǎn)確權(quán)保護(hù)的法理邏輯與規(guī)則展開(kāi)
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
楊孝康,方卓爾,李旺,盧旭陽(yáng),高政民
天津師范大學(xué)法學(xué)院,天津300382
摘要: 大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代下的行為規(guī)制保護(hù)模式與數(shù)據(jù)確權(quán)保護(hù)模式目的是加強(qiáng)數(shù)據(jù)源發(fā)者的信息保護(hù)與規(guī)范數(shù)據(jù)資源合法利用的重要方式。數(shù)據(jù)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)模式立足于財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)勞動(dòng)理論和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角的產(chǎn)權(quán)理論進(jìn)行證立,結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)資源價(jià)值確權(quán)的法理邏輯與市場(chǎng)資源有效配置的規(guī)律性,實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)要素市場(chǎng)的高質(zhì)量、高效率流通。數(shù)據(jù)財(cái)產(chǎn)確權(quán)立足于現(xiàn)有法律法規(guī)與數(shù)據(jù)流通中存在的多維度法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的本質(zhì),堅(jiān)持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)人格利益與財(cái)產(chǎn)利益一體化,構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利體系,明確權(quán)利的主體與客體,規(guī)范數(shù)據(jù)財(cái)產(chǎn)控制權(quán)、使用權(quán)和處分權(quán)的內(nèi)容,并且針對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)利主體行使權(quán)利的方式與財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)期限予以限制,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)擺脫數(shù)據(jù)“公地悲劇”的困境。
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):F490;TP399;TU891文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2024.01.008
引用格式:楊孝康,方卓爾,李旺,等.數(shù)據(jù)財(cái)產(chǎn)確權(quán)保護(hù)的法理邏輯與規(guī)則展開(kāi)[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2024,43(1):58-64.
The legal logic and rule development of data property rights protection
Yang Xiaokang,Fang Zhuoer,Li Wang,Lu Xuyang,Gao Zhengmin
Law School, Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300382, China
Abstract: The purpose of behavior regulation protection and data confirmation protection in the era of big data is to strengthen the information protection of data source senders and standardize the legal use of data resources. The protection of data property rights is based on the labor theory of property rights and the property rights theory from the perspective of economics. Combining the legal logic of confirming the value of data resources with the regularity of effective allocation of market resources, the highefficiency circulation of data factor market will be realized. Based on the existing laws and regulations and the nature of legal risks existing in data circulation, the confirmation of data property rights insists on the integration of data personality interests and property interests, constructs a data property rightssystem, clarifies the subject and object of the right, regulates the contents of data control rights, usage rights and disposition rights, as well as limits the period of rights so as to solve the data tragedy of commons.
Key words : data property right;data right confirmation;personality interests;property interests

引言

2022年12月20日,《中共中央國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)制度更好發(fā)揮數(shù)據(jù)要素作用的意見(jiàn)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《數(shù)據(jù)二十條》)提出“建立數(shù)據(jù)資源持有權(quán)、數(shù)據(jù)加工使用權(quán)、數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)等分置的產(chǎn)權(quán)運(yùn)行機(jī)制”,由此確立了數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)權(quán)的結(jié)構(gòu)性分置制度。但是學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)權(quán)是否為一項(xiàng)新型財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)仍然存在爭(zhēng)議[1-2]。由此可見(jiàn),數(shù)據(jù)確權(quán)與否仍然是一個(gè)前提性問(wèn)題,且不談數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)權(quán)如何三權(quán)分置,當(dāng)下首要之舉在于明確數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)否確權(quán)。其權(quán)利構(gòu)成要件包括那些內(nèi)容。本文立足于數(shù)據(jù)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)模式的視角,對(duì)目前數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)模式進(jìn)行梳理和總結(jié),歸納出其不足之處,依據(jù)勞動(dòng)賦權(quán)論和產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論來(lái)闡明數(shù)據(jù)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)模式的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)所在,以期達(dá)到數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)與共享之間的平衡。1數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)模式概覽及爭(zhēng)議11行為規(guī)制模式下的數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)行為規(guī)制模式是指通過(guò)法律對(duì)不正當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)處理行為進(jìn)行規(guī)制從而實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)要素市場(chǎng)治理,其目的在于判斷數(shù)據(jù)的收集、存儲(chǔ)、分析、使用行為是否具有正當(dāng)性。在司法實(shí)踐中,該模式有效避免了與數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)利主體、權(quán)利客體相關(guān)的爭(zhēng)議,根據(jù)調(diào)整依據(jù)的不同可以分為契約保護(hù)模式與反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)保護(hù)模式。


作者信息:

楊孝康,方卓爾,李旺,盧旭陽(yáng),高政民

(天津師范大學(xué)法學(xué)院,天津300382)


文章下載地址:http://ihrv.cn/resource/share/2000005892


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