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基于GNSS-RTK技術(shù)的雙層滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)
2020年電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用第11期
劉新華1,尚俊娜1,施滸立2
1.杭州電子科技大學(xué) 通信工程學(xué)院,浙江 杭州310018;2.中國(guó)科學(xué)院國(guó)家天文臺(tái),北京100012
摘要: 滑坡、泥石流是目前我國(guó)最為多發(fā)的形變類地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,建立高精度、實(shí)時(shí)、穩(wěn)定的監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)一直是倍受關(guān)注的重要安全問題。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)GNSS-RTK滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)隨著觀測(cè)節(jié)點(diǎn)增加導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)效率低下問題和基站與觀測(cè)站同時(shí)位移導(dǎo)致的漏警問題,提出基于GNSS-RTK技術(shù)的雙層滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),新系統(tǒng)在傳統(tǒng)滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,在一些重要節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)域上新增微網(wǎng)觀測(cè)系統(tǒng),由“點(diǎn)”監(jiān)測(cè)改進(jìn)為微區(qū)域“面”監(jiān)測(cè),并實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于GNSS-RTK技術(shù)的形變數(shù)據(jù)采集和基于LoRa、LTE技術(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,數(shù)據(jù)傳輸可靠高效,且系統(tǒng)測(cè)量精度可達(dá)毫米級(jí),滿足滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)要求,并可通過調(diào)整觀測(cè)站微區(qū)域中的觀測(cè)節(jié)點(diǎn)密度和基線長(zhǎng)度滿足不同環(huán)境的需求。
中圖分類號(hào): P228.4
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A
DOI:10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.200219
中文引用格式: 劉新華,尚俊娜,施滸立. 基于GNSS-RTK技術(shù)的雙層滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)[J].電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2020,46(11):1-7.
英文引用格式: Liu Xinhua,Shang Junna,Shi Huli. Design and implementation of a double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2020,46(11):1-7.
Design and implementation of a double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology
Liu Xinhua1,Shang Junna1,Shi Huli2
1.College of Telecommunication Engineering,Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou 310018,China; 2.National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012,China
Abstract: Landslide and debris flow are the most frequent deformation geological disasters in our country. It is an important safety issue to establish a high-precision, real-time and stable monitoring system. Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of the traditional GNSS-RTK landslide monitoring system as the number of observation nodes increases and the alarm leakage caused by the simultaneous displacement of the base station and observation station, a double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology is proposed. The double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology is proposed. On the basis of the traditional landslide monitoring system, the new system adds a micro network observation system in some important node areas, which is improved from the previous "point" monitoring to the micro area "surface" monitoring, and realizes the deformation data collection based on GNSS-RTK technology and data transmission based on Lora and LTE technology. The test results show that the data transmission is reliable and efficient, and the measurement accuracy of the system can reach millimeter level, which can meet the requirements of landslide monitoring. The density of observation nodes and the length of baseline in the micro area of the observation station can be adjusted to meet the needs of different environments.
Key words : landslide monitoring system;GNSS-RTK;LoRa;LTE;millimeter level

0 引言

    近年來,滑坡等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害所帶來的損失呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),對(duì)人民的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的威脅。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),世界各類地質(zhì)災(zāi)害造成的損失平均每年約有1 500億美元,近80年來死于地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的人數(shù)已經(jīng)超過1 000萬(wàn)。因此對(duì)于滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)的研究近年來在不斷深入開展。文獻(xiàn)[1]中針對(duì)三峽庫(kù)區(qū)的滑坡問題,基于3S技術(shù)和地面變形監(jiān)測(cè)臺(tái)網(wǎng)建立了三峽庫(kù)區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),并通過全球定位系統(tǒng)(Global Positioning System,GPS)等空間技術(shù)獲得滑坡形變區(qū)域分布狀況,但由于在測(cè)量中直接使用基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)不方便或不合理,引入了工作點(diǎn),在一定程度上增加了系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜度。文獻(xiàn)[2]采用地理信息系統(tǒng)(Geographic Information System,GIS)進(jìn)行滑坡分析,提出了切實(shí)可行的復(fù)雜滑坡分析模型和技術(shù),給出了表現(xiàn)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果的直觀的可視化的手段,但由于模型的通用性不強(qiáng),不同的人預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果具有很大差異,從而導(dǎo)致普適性不高。文獻(xiàn)[3]提出了基于遠(yuǎn)距離無線電(Long Range Radio,LoRa)和通用無線分組業(yè)務(wù)(General Packet Radio Service,GPRS)的滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng),測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示該系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,誤碼率低,適用于滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)中的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。

    滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的研究多是對(duì)傳輸方式和監(jiān)測(cè)方式的改進(jìn),對(duì)于監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)模型的優(yōu)化還很欠缺,因此在傳統(tǒng)的滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)模型基礎(chǔ)上提出了基于全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)-實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)載波相位差分技術(shù)(Global Navigation Satellite System-Real-time Kinematic,GNSS-RTK)的雙層滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)模型,并根據(jù)該模型數(shù)據(jù)量大、傳輸實(shí)時(shí)性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn),在滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域內(nèi)采用LoRa無線傳輸,通過通用移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)的長(zhǎng)期演進(jìn)(Long Term Evolution,LTE)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)與后臺(tái)服務(wù)器的快速交互。傳統(tǒng)的滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)是由基站、觀測(cè)站和服務(wù)器三部分組成,新型雙層滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)從觀測(cè)站入手改進(jìn),將觀測(cè)站這個(gè)“點(diǎn)”外擴(kuò)為觀測(cè)站微區(qū)域系統(tǒng)這個(gè)“面”,可實(shí)現(xiàn)由“點(diǎn)”的監(jiān)測(cè)擴(kuò)大到“面”區(qū)域的監(jiān)測(cè)。雙層滑坡系統(tǒng)還使監(jiān)測(cè)性能更加穩(wěn)定,可解決傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)基站和觀測(cè)站同時(shí)偏移的漏警問題。




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作者信息:

劉新華1,尚俊娜1,施滸立2

(1.杭州電子科技大學(xué) 通信工程學(xué)院,浙江 杭州310018;2.中國(guó)科學(xué)院國(guó)家天文臺(tái),北京100012)

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