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基于GNSS-RTK技术的双层滑坡监测系统设计与实现
2020年电子技术应用第11期
刘新华1,尚俊娜1,施浒立2
1.杭州电子科技大学 通信工程学院,浙江 杭州310018;2.中国科学院国家天文台,北京100012
摘要: 滑坡、泥石流是目前我国最为多发的形变类地质灾害,建立高精度、实时、稳定的监测系统一直是倍受关注的重要安全问题。针对传统GNSS-RTK滑坡监测系统随着观测节点增加导致系统效率低下问题和基站与观测站同时位移导致的漏警问题,提出基于GNSS-RTK技术的双层滑坡监测系统,新系统在传统滑坡监测系统的基础上,在一些重要节点区域上新增微网观测系统,由“点”监测改进为微区域“面”监测,并实现了基于GNSS-RTK技术的形变数据采集和基于LoRa、LTE技术的数据传输。试验结果表明,数据传输可靠高效,且系统测量精度可达毫米级,满足滑坡监测要求,并可通过调整观测站微区域中的观测节点密度和基线长度满足不同环境的需求。
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): P228.4
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A
DOI:10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.200219
中文引用格式: 劉新華,尚俊娜,施滸立. 基于GNSS-RTK技術(shù)的雙層滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)[J].電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2020,46(11):1-7.
英文引用格式: Liu Xinhua,Shang Junna,Shi Huli. Design and implementation of a double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2020,46(11):1-7.
Design and implementation of a double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology
Liu Xinhua1,Shang Junna1,Shi Huli2
1.College of Telecommunication Engineering,Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou 310018,China; 2.National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012,China
Abstract: Landslide and debris flow are the most frequent deformation geological disasters in our country. It is an important safety issue to establish a high-precision, real-time and stable monitoring system. Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of the traditional GNSS-RTK landslide monitoring system as the number of observation nodes increases and the alarm leakage caused by the simultaneous displacement of the base station and observation station, a double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology is proposed. The double-layer landslide monitoring system based on GNSS-RTK technology is proposed. On the basis of the traditional landslide monitoring system, the new system adds a micro network observation system in some important node areas, which is improved from the previous "point" monitoring to the micro area "surface" monitoring, and realizes the deformation data collection based on GNSS-RTK technology and data transmission based on Lora and LTE technology. The test results show that the data transmission is reliable and efficient, and the measurement accuracy of the system can reach millimeter level, which can meet the requirements of landslide monitoring. The density of observation nodes and the length of baseline in the micro area of the observation station can be adjusted to meet the needs of different environments.
Key words : landslide monitoring system;GNSS-RTK;LoRa;LTE;millimeter level

0 引言

    近年來(lái),滑坡等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害所帶來(lái)的損失呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),對(duì)人民的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的威脅。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),世界各類(lèi)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害造成的損失平均每年約有1 500億美元,近80年來(lái)死于地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的人數(shù)已經(jīng)超過(guò)1 000萬(wàn)。因此對(duì)于滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)的研究近年來(lái)在不斷深入開(kāi)展。文獻(xiàn)[1]中針對(duì)三峽庫(kù)區(qū)的滑坡問(wèn)題,基于3S技術(shù)和地面變形監(jiān)測(cè)臺(tái)網(wǎng)建立了三峽庫(kù)區(qū)滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),并通過(guò)全球定位系統(tǒng)(Global Positioning System,GPS)等空間技術(shù)獲得滑坡形變區(qū)域分布狀況,但由于在測(cè)量中直接使用基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)不方便或不合理,引入了工作點(diǎn),在一定程度上增加了系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜度。文獻(xiàn)[2]采用地理信息系統(tǒng)(Geographic Information System,GIS)進(jìn)行滑坡分析,提出了切實(shí)可行的復(fù)雜滑坡分析模型和技術(shù),給出了表現(xiàn)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果的直觀的可視化的手段,但由于模型的通用性不強(qiáng),不同的人預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果具有很大差異,從而導(dǎo)致普適性不高。文獻(xiàn)[3]提出了基于遠(yuǎn)距離無(wú)線電(Long Range Radio,LoRa)和通用無(wú)線分組業(yè)務(wù)(General Packet Radio Service,GPRS)的滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng),測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示該系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,誤碼率低,適用于滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)中的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。

    滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的研究多是對(duì)傳輸方式和監(jiān)測(cè)方式的改進(jìn),對(duì)于監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)模型的優(yōu)化還很欠缺,因此在傳統(tǒng)的滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)模型基礎(chǔ)上提出了基于全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)-實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)載波相位差分技術(shù)(Global Navigation Satellite System-Real-time Kinematic,GNSS-RTK)的雙層滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)模型,并根據(jù)該模型數(shù)據(jù)量大、傳輸實(shí)時(shí)性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn),在滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域內(nèi)采用LoRa無(wú)線傳輸,通過(guò)通用移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)的長(zhǎng)期演進(jìn)(Long Term Evolution,LTE)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)與后臺(tái)服務(wù)器的快速交互。傳統(tǒng)的滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)是由基站、觀測(cè)站和服務(wù)器三部分組成,新型雙層滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)從觀測(cè)站入手改進(jìn),將觀測(cè)站這個(gè)“點(diǎn)”外擴(kuò)為觀測(cè)站微區(qū)域系統(tǒng)這個(gè)“面”,可實(shí)現(xiàn)由“點(diǎn)”的監(jiān)測(cè)擴(kuò)大到“面”區(qū)域的監(jiān)測(cè)。雙層滑坡系統(tǒng)還使監(jiān)測(cè)性能更加穩(wěn)定,可解決傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)基站和觀測(cè)站同時(shí)偏移的漏警問(wèn)題。




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作者信息:

劉新華1,尚俊娜1,施滸立2

(1.杭州電子科技大學(xué) 通信工程學(xué)院,浙江 杭州310018;2.中國(guó)科學(xué)院國(guó)家天文臺(tái),北京100012)

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