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殘留頻差對(duì)自適應(yīng)陣列天線的影響
來源:電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用2012年第12期
曾 浩1,2, 何海丹1, 張 云1, 任燕飛1
1. 中電集團(tuán)第十研究所, 四川 成都 610036; 2. 電子科技大學(xué), 四川 成都610036
摘要: 自適應(yīng)陣列天線可以通過數(shù)字下變頻實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)正交化,把中頻數(shù)字信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換到零中頻,然后進(jìn)行加權(quán)求和。分析了變頻過程中因沒有進(jìn)行載波同步所導(dǎo)致的殘留頻差對(duì)自適應(yīng)陣列天線算法的影響。通過詳細(xì)的理論分析表明,只要上、下變頻采用相同本振,殘留頻差對(duì)算法并沒有影響,即使對(duì)帶通采樣系統(tǒng),該結(jié)論同樣成立。對(duì)頻譜、陣列增益的仿真證明了理論分析的正確性。
中圖分類號(hào): TN820
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A
文章編號(hào): 0258-7998(2012)12-0105-04
The impact of residual frequency offset in adaptive array antenna
Zeng Hao1,2, He Haidan1, Zhang Yun1, Ren Yanfei1
1. CETC-10, Chengdu 610036, China; 2. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610036, China
Abstract: The digital down conversion(DDC) plays the role to alter the real signal into analytical signal. This process could generate zeros intermedia frequency signal,by which the digital beamforming(DBF) is implemented. However, the residual frequency offset exists in the DDC output, since carrier wave synchronization is not employed. It is proved by theoretic analysis that the frequency offset has no impact to the adaptive filtering algorithm if the same local oscillators are taken for DDC and digital up conversion(DUC). This result also keeps even for the system with bandpass sampling theorem. Finally, the simulation of spectrum and array gain show the conclusions are right.
Key words : adaptive array antenna; frequency conversion; residual frequency offset

    自適應(yīng)陣列天線利用期望和干擾的不同空間來向,通過空域自適應(yīng)濾波,把天線方向圖主瓣對(duì)準(zhǔn)期望信號(hào),零陷對(duì)準(zhǔn)干擾,最終抑制干擾,提高系統(tǒng)輸出信干噪比SINR(Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio)。目前自適應(yīng)濾波算法包括了各種盲算法和非盲算法[1],同時(shí),針對(duì)復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的波束合成也有相關(guān)研究,例如,多用戶無線通信系統(tǒng)、協(xié)同通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)、頻率選擇性衰落環(huán)境等[2-4]。但任何算法都需要首先通過正交變換,把陣元接收的實(shí)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為復(fù)信號(hào)?;镜淖儞Q方法包括抽取濾波、Hilbert變換[5]以及正交數(shù)字下變頻。采用數(shù)字下變頻方式實(shí)現(xiàn)正交化時(shí),由于未進(jìn)行載波同步,必然存在殘留頻差。該殘留頻差會(huì)對(duì)自適應(yīng)濾波算法存在影響,如何克服這種影響,是工程實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中需要解決的問題。

1 中頻信號(hào)模型
    目前的軟件無線電接收機(jī),由于器件性能的限制,無法實(shí)現(xiàn)射頻直接采樣[6],所以,中頻數(shù)字化的超外差結(jié)構(gòu)是普遍采用的方案。自適應(yīng)陣列天線作為單獨(dú)功能模塊,其數(shù)字信號(hào)處理模塊位于ADC之后,對(duì)于單個(gè)通道,輸入期望信號(hào)s0(t)是頻率為fIF,帶寬為Bs的中頻信號(hào),輸出也是相同頻率的中頻信號(hào)。在采用數(shù)字調(diào)制情況下,中頻信號(hào)可以表示為:
 

    對(duì)于下變頻模塊,輸出同相和正交支路分別對(duì)應(yīng)復(fù)基帶信號(hào)的實(shí)部和虛部。由于變頻對(duì)噪聲統(tǒng)計(jì)特性沒有

 



    比較式(30)與式(19),二者相等。所以,此時(shí)分析方法和結(jié)論與2.2節(jié)是相同的。
3 仿真
    仿真采用8陣元均勻線陣,陣元間距為載波半波長,采用QPSK調(diào)制,其中頻頻率為70 MHz,帶寬為10 MHz,信噪比為10 dB,入射角度為60°。同時(shí),存在一個(gè)同頻的點(diǎn)頻干擾信號(hào),為了便于圖中觀察,采用較小干噪比3 dB,入射角度150°。系統(tǒng)采樣率為100 MHz,而且進(jìn)行帶通采樣。
    圖3為陣列接收中頻信號(hào)頻譜,由于100 MHz帶通采樣,所以30 MHz和70 MHz都有信號(hào)。頻譜中,干擾疊加在載波頻率位置,為單譜線。

    在窄帶的自適應(yīng)陣列天線的設(shè)計(jì)中,可以采用正交變換獲得中頻輸入信號(hào)的解析信號(hào)。即使輸出零中頻信號(hào)存在殘留頻差,只要上下變頻采用相同本振,該殘留頻差不會(huì)對(duì)抗干擾產(chǎn)生影響。即使在帶通采樣情況下,結(jié)論也相同。
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