《電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用》
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ZIGBEE智能糧庫(kù)溫控管理系統(tǒng)解決方案
摘要: 本系統(tǒng)是采用最先進(jìn)的ZigBee無(wú)線傳輸技術(shù)。在糧庫(kù)的不同地方分置溫濕度傳感器,溫濕度傳感器是采用無(wú)線傳輸,將現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量到的數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)無(wú)線電磁波,傳送給糧庫(kù)內(nèi)的讀寫器,讀寫器再通過(guò)無(wú)線中繼器,將數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)線傳輸給電腦,電腦將接受到的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ),并與系統(tǒng)設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值比較。若現(xiàn)場(chǎng)值超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,系統(tǒng)會(huì)報(bào)警告知管理人員,并會(huì)自動(dòng)的控制風(fēng)機(jī)等設(shè)備作降溫處理。
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1.項(xiàng)目背景

糧食是人類賴以生存的基本物質(zhì),是關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的重要物資,糧食始終是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,國(guó)家自立的基礎(chǔ)。

目前我國(guó)地方各大糧庫(kù)都存在著,不同程度的糧食變質(zhì)問(wèn)題,大部分糧庫(kù)還采用人工測(cè)溫的方式,不僅增大糧庫(kù)工作人員的工作量,且效率低,效果差。尤其是大型糧庫(kù)的溫度測(cè)量不能及時(shí)而徹底的完成,導(dǎo)致大面積的壞糧。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國(guó)每年因糧食存儲(chǔ)不當(dāng)而發(fā)霉變質(zhì)的糧食就達(dá)上億斤,造成了無(wú)法估量的損失。

糧食的溫濕度是影響糧食儲(chǔ)藏的最重要參數(shù),如何控制好糧庫(kù)的溫濕度就變成了,保證糧食質(zhì)量的唯一的手段。北京惠企物聯(lián)科技,立足于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的研發(fā)與應(yīng)用,積極響應(yīng)國(guó)家“大力發(fā)展物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的號(hào)召,以“全面感知-可靠傳遞-智能處理”為核心理念,在詳細(xì)的了解了糧庫(kù)應(yīng)用工藝后,將ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" 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title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE技術(shù)充分的應(yīng)用到糧庫(kù)的智能管理中,使得糧庫(kù)的過(guò)程管理更加的科學(xué)和高效。

2.糧庫(kù)溫控現(xiàn)狀

早期的糧庫(kù)溫濕控制,主要是采用干溫度表、毛發(fā)濕度計(jì)、雙金屬式測(cè)量計(jì)、濕度測(cè)試紙等測(cè)試器材人工檢測(cè)。它是將溫度計(jì)放入到插桿中,根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)插在糧堆的多個(gè)測(cè)溫點(diǎn),管理人員定期拔出讀數(shù),來(lái)確定糧食溫度的高、低,進(jìn)而決定是否倒糧。這種方法有一定的作用,但是由于溫度計(jì)精度、人工讀數(shù)錯(cuò)誤、人工讀數(shù)效率低下等原因。導(dǎo)致溫控檢測(cè)速度慢、精度低、抽樣不徹底、局部溫度過(guò)高不易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致了局部糧食發(fā)霉變質(zhì),引起大面積壞糧。

3.系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介

本系統(tǒng)是采用最先進(jìn)的ZigBee無(wú)線傳輸技術(shù)。在糧庫(kù)的不同地方分置溫濕度傳感器,溫濕度傳感器是采用無(wú)線傳輸,將現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量到的數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)無(wú)線電磁波,傳送給糧庫(kù)內(nèi)的讀寫器,讀寫器再通過(guò)無(wú)線中繼器,將數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)線傳輸給電腦,電腦將接受到的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ),并與系統(tǒng)設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值比較。若現(xiàn)場(chǎng)值超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,系統(tǒng)會(huì)報(bào)警告知管理人員,并會(huì)自動(dòng)的控制風(fēng)機(jī)等設(shè)備作降溫處理。

4.系統(tǒng)模塊

4.1硬件組成

4.1.1溫濕度標(biāo)簽:

該溫濕度標(biāo)簽是由3部分組成:微型模擬溫濕度傳感器、單片機(jī)、無(wú)線收發(fā)模塊,標(biāo)簽內(nèi)帶有全球唯一的ID號(hào)。

微型模擬溫濕度傳感器:是采用微型的模擬傳感器,該傳感器將時(shí)時(shí)的采集糧庫(kù)內(nèi)的溫濕度參數(shù),并將該數(shù)據(jù)傳送給單片機(jī)處理。該傳感器是采用TI公司的智能模塊,即高精,超微,高穩(wěn)定性于一身。非常適合于較小空間內(nèi)的測(cè)溫傳感。

單片機(jī):采用增強(qiáng)型的8051單片,是工業(yè)控制中比較經(jīng)典的單片機(jī),具有穩(wěn)定可靠的性能,和強(qiáng)大的功能。該單片機(jī)接收到溫濕度信號(hào)后,通過(guò)A/D智能轉(zhuǎn)換及放大,將數(shù)字信號(hào)傳送給無(wú)線收發(fā)模塊。

無(wú)線收發(fā)模塊: 將單片機(jī)傳送過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)字信號(hào)調(diào)制成電磁波。采用TI公司的CC2420芯片,電源供電,2.4~2.5GHZ通訊頻段,最遠(yuǎn)可無(wú)線傳輸1000米。

該溫濕度標(biāo)簽的主要功能即為:采集現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的溫濕度數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)無(wú)線發(fā)送到讀寫器,并經(jīng)由讀寫器將數(shù)據(jù)上傳給電腦。

溫濕度標(biāo)簽的分類:

盒式溫濕度標(biāo)簽:

4.1.2讀寫器:

將接受到的電磁波信號(hào),通過(guò)解調(diào)。讀寫器內(nèi)同樣集成單片和收發(fā)模塊,讀寫器的收發(fā)模塊只接受傳感器標(biāo)簽的發(fā)送信號(hào)。讀寫器將解調(diào)過(guò)的信號(hào),利用串口,網(wǎng)口上傳給電腦。

4.1.3電腦:

采用工業(yè)控制機(jī),內(nèi)置可靠的工業(yè)串口或網(wǎng)口,保證了數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)姆€(wěn)定性;系統(tǒng)采用組態(tài)軟件,可實(shí)現(xiàn)快速的數(shù)據(jù)分析能力,及強(qiáng)大的I/O口擴(kuò)展控制。

4.2軟件組成:

動(dòng)態(tài)記錄功能:連續(xù)如實(shí)的采集和記錄監(jiān)測(cè)溫度、濕度等參數(shù)的情況,以數(shù)字和圖形、表格方式進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)顯示和記錄監(jiān)測(cè)信息;

超限報(bào)警功能:在出現(xiàn)異常數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候,如溫濕度、濕度超過(guò)上下限時(shí),可以按照使用人員指定的方式輸出多種報(bào)警。如:聲音報(bào)警、電話振鈴報(bào)警、發(fā)送電子郵件報(bào)警、短消息報(bào)警,可設(shè)置短消息群發(fā),并且系統(tǒng)可在不同的時(shí)刻通知不同的值班人員;

數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析功能:實(shí)時(shí)顯示或者歷史顯示房間的各參數(shù)曲線變化,可以同時(shí)顯示多個(gè)不同房間的環(huán)境參數(shù)曲線,更方便比較分析??娠@示參數(shù)列表、實(shí)時(shí)曲線圖(對(duì)應(yīng)具體數(shù)值并任意調(diào)整坐標(biāo))、實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)、折算數(shù)據(jù)、累計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)、歷史、報(bào)警畫面、報(bào)表等多種顯示、統(tǒng)計(jì)功能更加貼近用戶需求;

5.流程介紹

當(dāng)在糧庫(kù)中,安放好標(biāo)簽后,標(biāo)簽會(huì)時(shí)時(shí)采集糧庫(kù)中的溫濕度信息;并自動(dòng)的將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給讀寫器;讀寫器并將數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)串口或網(wǎng)口,傳輸給電腦;電腦將接受到的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)并比較,系統(tǒng)會(huì)掉出設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,與采集到的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)做比較;當(dāng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的溫濕度高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值時(shí),電腦則通過(guò)其I/O控制口,控制現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的風(fēng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)降溫;在此同時(shí)電腦會(huì)時(shí)時(shí)通過(guò)傳感器的信號(hào),監(jiān)控糧倉(cāng)內(nèi)的溫濕度,知道達(dá)到設(shè)定值。

舉例:

每只溫濕度傳感器都帶有一個(gè)ID號(hào),而此ID號(hào)是有24位的字母、數(shù)字組成,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)限的序號(hào)組合,即可實(shí)現(xiàn)全球唯一ID號(hào);

每只標(biāo)簽的ID號(hào)與其所在的位置是相對(duì)應(yīng)的,這個(gè)可以在系統(tǒng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí),位置綁定在該ID號(hào)的信息中。即當(dāng)系統(tǒng)讀取到序號(hào)為“1234567”的ID號(hào)時(shí),系統(tǒng)即會(huì)知道該標(biāo)簽是處于:第6號(hào)倉(cāng)的,第3只溫濕度標(biāo)簽,具體位置是:高6.5米;距離A面墻3.2米;距離B面墻6.2米;如該標(biāo)簽測(cè)量的溫度較高時(shí),系統(tǒng)就會(huì)知道具體的位置,方便調(diào)整。

當(dāng)標(biāo)簽測(cè)量到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)后,即會(huì)利用自身內(nèi)置電源,激活單片機(jī)中的無(wú)線收發(fā)模塊,將數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)線發(fā)出,傳輸距離可最長(zhǎng)達(dá)1000米;標(biāo)簽的發(fā)送距離可以根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的具體距離調(diào)制,可做到10~1000米間調(diào)整。  同時(shí)標(biāo)簽利用電磁波傳送,具有較強(qiáng)的穿透力,即便將標(biāo)簽植入糧食內(nèi),同樣可以準(zhǔn)確讀取。

標(biāo)簽將數(shù)據(jù)傳送到讀寫器,讀寫器通過(guò)解調(diào)過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù),并通過(guò)串口485總線傳送給電腦。讀寫器掛式的安裝到糧倉(cāng)外部,在通過(guò)線纜傳送給電腦數(shù)據(jù)。這樣可以為空間有限的糧倉(cāng)節(jié)省空間,同時(shí)避免倉(cāng)內(nèi)繁瑣布線的問(wèn)題。

電腦接收讀寫器過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),并與系統(tǒng)內(nèi)設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值作比較。如下顯示:

當(dāng)系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)到溫度,或濕度超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值時(shí),一方面報(bào)警告知管理人員,由倉(cāng)管員處理;另一方面會(huì)自動(dòng)控制倉(cāng)內(nèi)的降溫設(shè)備開(kāi)啟:像開(kāi)啟風(fēng)機(jī)排濕,排熱;或通過(guò)調(diào)整其他的設(shè)備。系統(tǒng)同時(shí)會(huì)時(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)標(biāo)簽傳過(guò)來(lái)的溫濕度值,當(dāng)溫濕度降到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值時(shí),系統(tǒng)即控制降溫設(shè)備關(guān)閉。



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