《電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用》
您所在的位置:首頁(yè) > 其他 > 設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用 > 商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)保護(hù)的實(shí)踐困境與規(guī)則優(yōu)化
商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)保護(hù)的實(shí)踐困境與規(guī)則優(yōu)化
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
司雨,王波
西安財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)法學(xué)院
摘要: 商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)是數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)下經(jīng)營(yíng)者參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的的重要資源。目前,針對(duì)商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的裁判依據(jù)主要是《反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》第2條和第12條,該援引條款具有高度抽象性,致使出現(xiàn)司法實(shí)踐中原則性條款的過度使用、不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不明等問題。對(duì)商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的規(guī)制應(yīng)當(dāng)跳出賦權(quán)保護(hù)模式的桎梏而選擇更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法特征的行為規(guī)制路徑。結(jié)合商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)的特性,在總結(jié)當(dāng)前司法實(shí)踐不足,并充分借鑒域外經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,通過在反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法中設(shè)置商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)專條,立足弱權(quán)利保護(hù)。如此既增強(qiáng)了數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)益保護(hù)的有效性,又激勵(lì)了數(shù)據(jù)的流通與利用。
中圖分類號(hào):D922.29文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.09.012
引用格式:司雨,王波. 商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)保護(hù)的實(shí)踐困境與規(guī)則優(yōu)化[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2025,44(9):78-84.
Practical dilemmas and rule optimization in the protection of commercial data against unfair competition
Si Yu,Wang Bo
School of Law, Xi′an University of Finance and Economics
Abstract: Commercial data is a crucial resource for businesses to participate in market competition in the digital economy. Currently, the primary legal basis for adjudicating unfair competition practices involving commercial data is Articles 2 and 12 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law. However, these provisions are highly abstract, leading to issues such as the overuse of principle-based clauses in judicial practice and unclear standards for identifying unfair competition behaviors. The regulation of unfair competition practices concerning commercial data should break free from the constraints of the rights-based protection model and instead adopt a behavioral regulation approach that aligns more closely with competition law. By considering the unique characteristics of commercial data, summarizing the shortcomings of current judicial practices, and drawing on international experiences, a dedicated provision for commercial data should be established within the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, grounded in weak rights protection. This approach not only enhances the effectiveness of protecting data rights but also encourages the circulation and utilization of data.
Key words : commercial data; anti-unfair competition; dedicated provision for commercial data; weak rights protection

引言

隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的快速發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用,商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)已成為經(jīng)營(yíng)者參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的核心資源,商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)益的保護(hù)也已成為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)秩序和社會(huì)利益博弈的焦點(diǎn)。2022年6月22日,中央全面深化改革委員會(huì)第二十六次會(huì)議明確提出建立分置的數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)權(quán)運(yùn)行機(jī)制、健全數(shù)據(jù)要素權(quán)益保護(hù)制度。同年12月2日,中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布《關(guān)于構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)制度更好發(fā)揮數(shù)據(jù)要素作用的意見》(簡(jiǎn)稱“數(shù)據(jù)二十條”),進(jìn)一步要求充分發(fā)揮數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值,構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)制度。可見,如何在促進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)資源最大化利用的同時(shí)為數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)益提供切實(shí)的保護(hù)已成為各界廣泛討論和探究的一個(gè)重要議題。

在立法層面,國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局于2022年11月22日發(fā)布的《中華人民共和國(guó)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法(修訂草案征求意見稿)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《征求意見稿》)中明確規(guī)定了商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)專條(第18條),率先從行為法路徑提出保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)財(cái)產(chǎn)性權(quán)益的規(guī)則建議[1]。學(xué)術(shù)界針對(duì)商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)的保護(hù)提出立法建議,一是對(duì)商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行賦權(quán)保護(hù),二是適用《中華人民共和國(guó)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》)來保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)益。支持賦權(quán)保護(hù)觀點(diǎn)的學(xué)者認(rèn)為,商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)被視為一種排他性權(quán)利,以達(dá)到維持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)交易的穩(wěn)定性和激勵(lì)市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)的效果。支持行為規(guī)制觀點(diǎn)的學(xué)者主張,應(yīng)當(dāng)在《反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》的框架內(nèi),以數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)為核心,構(gòu)建相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)范式,更注重反法的靈活性和與數(shù)據(jù)特征的契合[2]。商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)具有獨(dú)立的特性,強(qiáng)調(diào)在流通與共享中創(chuàng)造商業(yè)價(jià)值[3]。能否選擇有益于商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展的保護(hù)模式,滿足實(shí)踐中大量、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)益保護(hù)需求;如何建立起一套清晰、明確且完善的適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn),為商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)提供專門立法保護(hù)等問題值得進(jìn)一步討論和完善。本文基于現(xiàn)有司法實(shí)踐,探討商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)在《反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》框架下保護(hù)的適當(dāng)性,并提出構(gòu)建和優(yōu)化商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)保護(hù)規(guī)則的建議,以期為進(jìn)一步完善我國(guó)商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)制度提供有益參考。


本文詳細(xì)內(nèi)容請(qǐng)下載:

http://ihrv.cn/resource/share/2000006711


作者信息:

司雨,王波

(西安財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)法學(xué)院,陜西西安710100)


subscribe.jpg

此內(nèi)容為AET網(wǎng)站原創(chuàng),未經(jīng)授權(quán)禁止轉(zhuǎn)載。