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算法影響評(píng)估制度的實(shí)踐路徑分析
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
王宇曉1,2,吳少卿2,張靜怡1,2
1.中國(guó)信息通信研究院; 2.移動(dòng)應(yīng)用創(chuàng)新與治理技術(shù)工業(yè)和信息化部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室
摘要: 算法影響評(píng)估制度作為國(guó)內(nèi)外算法治理的基礎(chǔ)性制度,是當(dāng)前階段算法治理的主要方案,但在應(yīng)用實(shí)施過(guò)程中仍存在評(píng)估對(duì)象泛化、評(píng)估方法透明性不足的問(wèn)題,需進(jìn)一步細(xì)化。聚焦分析算法影響評(píng)估制度在應(yīng)用實(shí)施過(guò)程中應(yīng)關(guān)注的評(píng)估對(duì)象、評(píng)估內(nèi)容和評(píng)估方法,提出在實(shí)際評(píng)估過(guò)程中應(yīng)根據(jù)初步風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)算法評(píng)估對(duì)象分類分級(jí),加強(qiáng)對(duì)以機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)為基礎(chǔ)的復(fù)雜算法的評(píng)估,重點(diǎn)關(guān)注算法的應(yīng)用環(huán)節(jié),重點(diǎn)評(píng)估算法輸入的數(shù)據(jù)與特征、輸出的目標(biāo)與結(jié)果、干預(yù)與保障措施以及個(gè)人權(quán)利響應(yīng)。
中圖分類號(hào):TN919;D922.16文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2024.10.009
引用格式:王宇曉,吳少卿,張靜怡.算法影響評(píng)估制度的實(shí)踐路徑分析[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2024,43(10):57-61.
Practical solutions of algorithm impact assessment system
Wang Yuxiao1,2,Wu Shaoqing2, Zhang Jingyi1,2
1.China Academy of Information and Communications Technology;2.Key Laboratory of Mobile Application Innovation and Governance Technology, MIIT
Abstract: As the basic system proposed in the first stage of algorithm governance, the algorithm impact assessment system is the main solution for algorithm governance at the current stage. However, during the application and implementation process, there are still problems of generalization of assessment objects and insufficient transparency of assessment methods, which need to be further elaborated. This article focuses on analyzing the objects, assessment content and assessment methods that should be assessed during the application and implementation of the adjustment impact assessment system. During the actual assessment process, it is proposed to initially classify and grade the adjustment assessment objects based on risks, and strengthen the use of machine learning-based algorithms. Evaluation focuses on the application stage of the algorithm, focusing on the input data and feature complexity of the algorithm, the output goals and results, intervention and safeguard measures, and individual rights responses.
Key words : algorithmic impact assessment;algorithmic risk;algorithmic governance;classification and grading

引言

隨著人工智能技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展,算法廣泛應(yīng)用于社會(huì)生活的方方面面,與此同時(shí),算法帶來(lái)的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)引起了廣泛關(guān)注[1]。面對(duì)日益攀升的算法治理壓力,算法影響評(píng)估制度(Algorithm Impact Assessment)作為重要的治理方法被提上中外立法議程,成為當(dāng)下算法治理實(shí)踐中矚目的焦點(diǎn)[2]。算法影響評(píng)估制度是指依據(jù)系統(tǒng)制定的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)算法自動(dòng)化決策系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、應(yīng)用流程和數(shù)據(jù)使用等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行全面評(píng)估,以明確該系統(tǒng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)和影響范圍的一種算法治理實(shí)踐[3]。本文主要剖析在算法實(shí)際應(yīng)用過(guò)程中,算法影響評(píng)估制度應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的評(píng)估對(duì)象與范圍、評(píng)估內(nèi)容中的要點(diǎn)和細(xì)化方法,以及對(duì)推動(dòng)算法影響評(píng)估制度落地提出相關(guān)建議。


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http://ihrv.cn/resource/share/2000006197


作者信息:

王宇曉1,2,吳少卿2,張靜怡1,2

(1.中國(guó)信息通信研究院,北京100010;

2.移動(dòng)應(yīng)用創(chuàng)新與治理技術(shù)工業(yè)和信息化部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京100010)


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