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基于Kubernetes的調(diào)度算法綜述
電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用
劉旭東,姚旺君,孫徹,包正晶,張楠
華北計算機系統(tǒng)工程研究所
摘要: 在云計算領(lǐng)域,資源管理和任務(wù)調(diào)度的優(yōu)化對提升系統(tǒng)效率和資源利用率至關(guān)重要。Kubernetes(K8S)作為業(yè)界領(lǐng)先的容器編排工具,致力于應(yīng)用程序容器的自動化部署、擴展和管理,其核心優(yōu)勢之一在于利用高效的調(diào)度算法實現(xiàn)容器的跨集群部署與執(zhí)行,這一策略在提高應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)可移植性、安全性、優(yōu)化資源利用和集成部署方面發(fā)揮了重要作用,使其能夠更加敏捷高效地應(yīng)對不斷變化的業(yè)務(wù)需求。鑒于此,有關(guān)于K8S的調(diào)度算法成為了業(yè)界研究的熱點,全面調(diào)研和分析了K8S相關(guān)的調(diào)度算法及其在不同應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中的實際表現(xiàn),特別關(guān)注三個領(lǐng)域:通用調(diào)度算法的改進、面向人工智能的調(diào)度策略以及基于彈性伸縮的調(diào)度技術(shù)。最后通過綜合分析,揭示當(dāng)前研究的不足之處和未來研究中亟待解決的問題,為進一步優(yōu)化K8S的調(diào)度算法提供借鑒和參考。
中圖分類號:TP393.09 文獻標(biāo)志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.244846
中文引用格式: 劉旭東,姚旺君,孫徹,等. 基于Kubernetes的調(diào)度算法綜述[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2024,50(6):1-9.
英文引用格式: Liu Xudong,Yao Wangjun,Sun Che,et al. A review of scheduling algorithms based on Kubernetes[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2024,50(6):1-9.
A review of scheduling algorithms based on Kubernetes
Liu Xudong,Yao Wangjun,Sun Che,Bao Zhengjing,Zhang Nan
National Computer System Engineering Research Institute of China
Abstract: In the field of cloud computing, optimization of resource management and task scheduling is crucial to improving system efficiency and resource utilization. As the industry's leading container orchestration tool, Kubernetes (K8S) is dedicated to the automated deployment, expansion and management of application containers. One of its core advantages is to use efficient scheduling algorithms to achieve cross-cluster deployment and execution of containers. This strategy plays an important role in application system portability, security, optimized resource utilization and integrated deployment, making it more agile and efficient in responding to changing business needs. In view of this, K8S scheduling algorithms have become a hot research topic in the industry. This article aims to comprehensively investigate and analyze K8S-related scheduling algorithms and their actual performance in different application fields, with special attention to three areas: improvement of general scheduling algorithms , artificial intelligence-oriented scheduling strategy and elastic scaling-based scheduling technology. Finally, through comprehensive analysis, the shortcomings of current research and issues that need to be solved in future research are revealed, providing reference for further optimizing the K8S scheduling algorithm.
Key words : container orchestration;Kubernetes;resource scheduling;scheduling algorithm

引言

Kubernetes(簡稱K8S)是一款開源容器編排平臺,目標(biāo)是簡化和自動化容器化應(yīng)用程序的部署、擴展及運維流程。該平臺提供了一整套強大的工具,助力開發(fā)者和運維團隊在分布式環(huán)境中高效管理應(yīng)用程序。Kubernetes的主要功能包括容器編排、自動化部署、自動擴展、負(fù)載均衡、容錯和自我修復(fù)等。它能夠根據(jù)應(yīng)用程序的資源需求和可用資源自動安排容器,確保資源使用高效且均衡。K8S通過水平自動擴展功能,根據(jù)實際負(fù)載自動增減容器實例,有效應(yīng)對不同的流量需求。此外,該平臺還支持容器的自動恢復(fù)和滾動更新,保障應(yīng)用程序的高可用性和業(yè)務(wù)的連續(xù)性。作為業(yè)界先進的容器編排平臺,K8S為開發(fā)者和運維人員提供了一種高效、靈活且可擴展的部署和管理容器化應(yīng)用程序的方式,極大地簡化了分布式應(yīng)用的管理和維護工作。K8S非常適合用于構(gòu)建基于微服務(wù)的Web應(yīng)用程序,其中每個功能組件都能在其獨立的容器中運行。


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作者信息:

劉旭東,姚旺君,孫徹,包正晶,張楠

(華北計算機系統(tǒng)工程研究所,北京 100083)


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