中圖分類號:TN92 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.233941 中文引用格式: 唐杰,黃銘,林建喜,等. 基于WiFi信號的室內(nèi)外聯(lián)合定位技術(shù)研究[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2024,50(1):113-119. 英文引用格式: Tang Jie,Huang Ming,Lin Jianxi,et al. Research on indoor and outdoor joint positioning technology based on WiFi signal[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2024,50(1):113-119.
Research on indoor and outdoor joint positioning technology based on WiFi signal
1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; 2.Radio Monitoring Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650228, China
Abstract: The current indoor and outdoor joint positioning technology based on GPS and WiFi achieves high positioning accuracy. However, this type of method needs to process signals of two different scenarios in the transition area, and there are problems such as difficulty in smooth switching between areas, and lack of effective data association. In response to the above problems, this paper associates the physical space location information with WiFi information to establish an indoor and outdoor joint positioning map model based on WiFi signals, and uses the Jaccard similarity algorithm for indoor and outdoor judgment and one-time positioning. In order to increase the positioning accuracy of WiFi, this paper uses cubic spline interpolation to expand the WiFi fingerprint library, and uses the weighted K-nearest neighbor algorithm for secondary precise positioning.
Key words : WiFi positioning;graph model;similarity;secondary positioning;visualization
引言
基于WiFi信號定位主要應(yīng)用于室內(nèi)場景,最近已有許多學(xué)者開始研究基于WiFi基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的無GPS室外定位服務(wù)[1]。與超寬帶定位技術(shù)、藍(lán)牙定位技術(shù)和慣性導(dǎo)航技術(shù)等比較,基于WiFi位置指紋定位技術(shù)無需額外添加其他設(shè)備,且部署簡單、成本較低、定位范圍廣、精度較高[2]。因此,基于WiFi技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)定位是一個(gè)較好的選擇。當(dāng)前解決室內(nèi)外聯(lián)合定位問題技術(shù)的大多是衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)與室內(nèi)定位組合技術(shù),而且主要是針對在室內(nèi)外過渡區(qū)域平滑切換定位方法問題,文獻(xiàn)[3]提出了坐標(biāo)標(biāo)定法,使得室內(nèi)外坐標(biāo)達(dá)到一致。在過渡區(qū)域中使用越區(qū)切換方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)基于北斗和超寬帶的室內(nèi)外聯(lián)合高精度定位。城市環(huán)境或園區(qū)內(nèi)衛(wèi)星信號較差,但是已經(jīng)大量部署WiFi網(wǎng)絡(luò),文獻(xiàn)[4]設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于WiFi信號的室外人員定位系統(tǒng),通過動態(tài)選取k個(gè)錨節(jié)點(diǎn)建立定位模型,并且改進(jìn)接收信號強(qiáng)度指示(Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSSI)測距方法以提高定位精度。文獻(xiàn)[5]設(shè)計(jì)了基于WiFi信號的園區(qū)定位與導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),提供了園區(qū)內(nèi)高精度定位服務(wù)。針對定位延遲問題,文獻(xiàn)[6]提出了分級定位方案,首先通過漢明距離確定多個(gè)子區(qū)域,再在子區(qū)域內(nèi)通過k近鄰算法進(jìn)行精定位?;谖恢弥讣y的定位精度與其采集的指紋密度有關(guān),通過空間插值法對其他位置的定位信息進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充可以提高定位精度,而且能夠降低前期數(shù)據(jù)采集工作量[7]。最近有研究者從室內(nèi)位置信息與定位信息融合角度出發(fā)進(jìn)行定位研究[8-9],提出了基于知識圖譜WiFi定位方法,側(cè)重于有效整合室內(nèi)WiFi數(shù)據(jù)和空間環(huán)境特征信息。