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數(shù)據(jù)可攜帶情形下的權(quán)利沖突與規(guī)則調(diào)適
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 4期
王欣辰,沈廖佳
(1.中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué) 知識產(chǎn)權(quán)研究院,安徽合肥230026; 2.東南大學(xué)法學(xué)院,江蘇南京211189)
摘要: 能否有效化解數(shù)據(jù)可攜帶情形下的權(quán)利沖突問題,既是各國布局可攜帶權(quán)的考量要點,亦是影響制度成敗的關(guān)鍵所在。從權(quán)利本質(zhì)上看,可攜帶權(quán)既是實現(xiàn)多元主體利益平衡的工具,又因其權(quán)利內(nèi)涵的積極性和實體性在個人信息權(quán)利束中扮演著極為特殊的角色。以司法實踐為鏡,唯有擺脫“三重授權(quán)原則”與《反不正當(dāng)競爭法》的窠臼,直面可攜帶情形下的各類權(quán)利沖突,才能打破個人介入數(shù)據(jù)流轉(zhuǎn)與分配的桎梏。由典型場景入手,可攜帶情形下的權(quán)利沖突主要體現(xiàn)為對個人信息的貶損、對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的襲擾和對數(shù)據(jù)安全的威脅。應(yīng)從立法理念、客體范圍、法律互動和安全保障四個方面進行沖突調(diào)試,進而實現(xiàn)我國可攜帶權(quán)制度的“完美閉環(huán)”。
中圖分類號:D923.8
文獻標(biāo)識碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.04.007
引用格式:王欣辰,沈廖佳.數(shù)據(jù)可攜帶情形下的權(quán)利沖突與規(guī)則調(diào)適[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2023,42(4):39-44.
Rights conflict and coordination in situation of data portability
Rights conflict and coordination in situation of data portability Wang Xinchen1,Shen Liaojia2
(1Intellectual Property Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; 2School of Law, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China)
Abstract: Whether it can effectively address the collision of the right to data portability is not only the key aspects for the right to portability strategy in countries, but also the core of the success or failure of the system. From the perspective of the essence of rights, the right of portability emerges as a tool to achieve a balance of interests of multiple subjects, it also plays an extremely special role in the bundle of personal information rights due to the positive impacts and the substance of being human. Taking judicial practice as a mirror, the only way to break the shackles of data transfer and distribution of data interests is to get rid of the “Triple Authorization Principle” and the AntiUnfair Competition Law and face up to the various types of the collision of the right to data portability. Starting from a typical scenario, the collision of the right to data portability is mainly reflected in the derogation of personal information, the infringement of intellectual property rights as well as the threat to data security. It is advised to establish a resolution mechanism of collision of right under the various situation, designing from the four aspects of the legislative concept, object boundary, legal interaction, and security guarantee, so as to achieve a “perfect closed loop ” of the right to data portability system in China.
Key words : the right to data portability; personal information protection; collision of rights; data security

0    引言

數(shù)據(jù)可攜帶權(quán)(以下簡稱可攜帶權(quán))是由我國《個人信息保護法》第45條第3款確立的新興權(quán)利,其含義為個人作為數(shù)據(jù)的源頭有權(quán)請求數(shù)據(jù)處理者將特定個人信息轉(zhuǎn)移至其他的數(shù)據(jù)處理者,而數(shù)據(jù)控制者應(yīng)當(dāng)予以必要的協(xié)助[1]??蓴y帶權(quán)起源于歐盟的《通用數(shù)據(jù)保護條例》(General Data Protection Regulations,GDPR),又陸續(xù)被美國、巴西和印度等國家引入。一般認(rèn)為,可攜帶權(quán)是用戶制衡數(shù)據(jù)控制者和數(shù)據(jù)處理者的策略性工具,肩負著塑造數(shù)字人格、消解鎖定效應(yīng)、抑制數(shù)據(jù)壟斷和激發(fā)創(chuàng)新活力的制度理想。近年來,除了《個人信息保護法》,相關(guān)部門又相繼在《中國人民銀行金融消費者權(quán)益保護實施辦法(征求意見稿)》《信息安全技術(shù) 個人信息安全規(guī)范》(GB/T 35273-2020)《網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)安全管理條例(征求意見稿)》等文件對數(shù)據(jù)攜帶問題進行了回應(yīng),所涉條文覆蓋了可攜帶權(quán)的定義、可攜帶情形和數(shù)據(jù)處理者風(fēng)險提示義務(wù)等內(nèi)容。




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作者信息:

王欣辰1,沈廖佳2

(1.中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué) 知識產(chǎn)權(quán)研究院,安徽合肥230026;2.東南大學(xué)法學(xué)院,江蘇南京211189)


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