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ARM linux系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的實現(xiàn)原理
摘要: ARMlinux系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的實現(xiàn)原理,大家都知道linux的應(yīng)用程序要想訪問內(nèi)核必須使用系統(tǒng)調(diào)用從而實現(xiàn)從usr模式轉(zhuǎn)到svc模式。下面咱們看看它的實現(xiàn)過程。系統(tǒng)調(diào)用是os操作系統(tǒng)提供的服務(wù),用戶程序通過各種系統(tǒng)調(diào)用,來引用內(nèi)核提供的各種服務(wù),系統(tǒng)
Abstract:
Key words :

大家都知道linux的應(yīng)用程序要想訪問內(nèi)核必須使用系統(tǒng)調(diào)用從而實現(xiàn)從usr模式轉(zhuǎn)到svc模式。下面咱們看看它的實現(xiàn)過程。

  系統(tǒng)調(diào)用是os操作系統(tǒng)提供的服務(wù),用戶程序通過各種系統(tǒng)調(diào)用,來引用內(nèi)核提供的各種服務(wù),系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的執(zhí)行讓用戶程序陷入內(nèi)核,該陷入動作由swi軟中斷完成。

  at91rm9200處理器對應(yīng)的linux2.4.19內(nèi)核系統(tǒng)調(diào)用對應(yīng)的軟中斷定義如下:

  #if defined(__thumb__) //thumb模式

  #define __syscall(name)

  "push {r7}nt"

  "mov r7, #" __sys1(__NR_##name) "nt"

  "swi 0nt"

  "pop {r7}"

  #else //arm模式

  #define __syscall(name) "swit" __sys1(__NR_##name) "nt"

  #endif

  #define __sys2(x) #x

  #define __sys1(x) __sys2(x)

  #define __NR_SYSCALL_BASE 0x900000 //此為OS_NUMBER << 20運算值

  #define __NR_open (__NR_SYSCALL_BASE+ 5) //0x900005

  舉一個例子來說:open系統(tǒng)調(diào)用,庫函數(shù)最終會調(diào)用__syscall(open),宏展開之后為swi #__NR_open,即,swi #0x900005觸發(fā)中斷,中斷號0x900005存放在[lr,#-4]地址中,處理器跳轉(zhuǎn)到arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S中vector_swi讀取[lr,#-4]地址中的中斷號,之后查詢arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S中的sys_call_table系統(tǒng)調(diào)用表,該表內(nèi)容在arch/arm/kernel/calls.S中定義,__NR_open在表中對應(yīng)的順序號為

  __syscall_start:

  ...

  .long SYMBOL_NAME(sys_open) //第5個

  ...

  將sys_call_table[5]中內(nèi)容傳給pc,系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入sys_open函數(shù),處理實質(zhì)的open動作

  注:用到的一些函數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)所在文件,如下所示

  arch/arm/kernel/calls.S聲明了系統(tǒng)調(diào)用函數(shù)

  include/asm-arm/unistd.h定義了系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的調(diào)用號規(guī)則

  vector_swi定義在arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S

  vector_IRQ定義在arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S

  vector_FIQ定義在arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S

  arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S中對sys_call_table進(jìn)行了定義:

  .type sys_call_table, #object

  ENTRY(sys_call_table)

  #include "calls.S" //將calls.S中的內(nèi)容順序鏈接到這里

源程序:

 

  ENTRY(vector_swi)

  save_user_regs

  zero_fp

  get_scno //將[lr,#-4]中的中斷號轉(zhuǎn)儲到scno(r7)

  arm710_bug_check scno, ip

  #ifdef CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP

  ldr ip, __cr_alignment

  ldr ip, [ip]

  mcr p15, 0, ip, c1, c0        @ update control register

  #endif

  enable_irq ip

  str r4, [sp, #-S_OFF]!        @ push fifth arg

  get_current_task tsk

  ldr ip, [tsk, #TSK_PTRACE]        @ check for syscall tracing

  bic scno, scno, #0xff000000        @ mask off SWI op-code

  //#define OS_NUMBER 9[entry-header.S]

  //所以對于上面示例中open系統(tǒng)調(diào)用號scno=0x900005

  //eor scno,scno,#0x900000

  //之后scno=0x05

  eor scno, scno, #OS_NUMBER << 20        @ check OS number

  //sys_call_table項為calls.S的內(nèi)容

  adr tbl, sys_call_table        @ load syscall table pointer

  tst ip, #PT_TRACESYS        @ are we tracing syscalls?

  bne __sys_trace

  adrsvc al, lr, ret_fast_syscall        @ return address

  cmp scno, #NR_syscalls        @ check upper syscall limit

  //執(zhí)行sys_open函數(shù)

  ldrcc pc, [tbl, scno, lsl #2]        @ call sys_* routine

  add r1, sp, #S_OFF

  2: mov why, #0        @ no longer a real syscall

  cmp scno, #ARMSWI_OFFSET

  eor r0, scno, #OS_NUMBER << 20        @ put OS number back

  bcs SYMBOL_NAME(arm_syscall)

  b SYMBOL_NAME(sys_ni_syscall)        @ not private func

  /*

  * This is the really slow path. We're going to be doing

  * context switches, and waiting for our parent to respond.

  */

  __sys_trace:

  add r1, sp, #S_OFF

  mov r0, #0        @ trace entry [IP = 0]

  bl SYMBOL_NAME(syscall_trace)

  /*

  //2007-07-01 gliethttp [entry-header.S]

  //Like adr, but force SVC mode (if required)

  .macro adrsvc, cond, reg, label

  adrcond reg, label

  .endm

  //對應(yīng)反匯編:

  //add lr, pc, #16 ; lr = __sys_trace_return

  */

  adrsvc al, lr, __sys_trace_return        @ return address

  add r1, sp, #S_R0 + S_OFF        @ pointer to regs

  cmp scno, #NR_syscalls        @ check upper syscall limit

ldmccia r1, {r0 - r3}        @ have to reload r0 - r3

  ldrcc pc, [tbl, scno, lsl #2]        @ call sys_* routine

  b 2b

  __sys_trace_return:

  str r0, [sp, #S_R0 + S_OFF]!        @ save returned r0

  mov r1, sp

  mov r0, #1        @ trace exit [IP = 1]

  bl SYMBOL_NAME(syscall_trace)

  b ret_disable_irq

  .align 5

  #ifdef CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP

  .type __cr_alignment, #object

  __cr_alignment:

  .word SYMBOL_NAME(cr_alignment)

  #endif

  .type sys_call_table, #object

  ENTRY(sys_call_table)

  #include "calls.S"
 

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