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醫(yī)療人工智能領(lǐng)域同意規(guī)則的困境與出路
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
楊正杰,鄧佳琳
西南民族大學(xué)法學(xué)院
摘要: 隨著人工智能的發(fā)展,個人信息保護與個人數(shù)據(jù)運用之間的矛盾凸顯。個人醫(yī)療信息保護是管窺人工智能時代同意規(guī)則困境與解困之路的最佳范例,人工智能醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的研究價值,但其前提都依賴海量個人醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)之處理。然而,當前以同意規(guī)則為核心構(gòu)建起來的個人信息保護制度卻難以應(yīng)對醫(yī)療人工智能時代對個人醫(yī)療信息保護的挑戰(zhàn)。傳統(tǒng)的同意規(guī)則作為個人信息處理的正當性依據(jù)陷入重重困境之中。革新而非放棄同意規(guī)則是人工智能時代個人信息保護的解困之道。在堅守同意規(guī)則的核心價值基礎(chǔ)上,引入場景理論,并在特定目的下結(jié)合比例原則,差異化重構(gòu)同意規(guī)則,實現(xiàn)同意規(guī)則的分場景分層次的動態(tài)化適用,以期平衡個人信息保護與個人數(shù)據(jù)的利用。
中圖分類號:D920.0文獻標識碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.04.011
引用格式:楊正杰,鄧佳琳. 醫(yī)療人工智能領(lǐng)域同意規(guī)則的困境與出路[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2025,44(4):73-78.
The dilemma and outlet of consent rules in medical artificial intelligence field
Yang Zhengjie,Deng Jialin
Law School,Southwest University for Nationalities
Abstract: With the development of the artificial intelligence, the relationship between personal information protection and personal data use appears to be relatively tense. Personal medical information protection is the best example to explore the dilemma and solution of consent rules in the era of artificial intelligence. The field of artificial intelligence has broad research value, but its premise depends on the processing of massive personal medical data. However, the current personal information protection system based on consent rules is difficult to meet the challenges of personal medical information protection in the era of medical artificial intelligence. The traditional consent rule, as the justification basis of personal information processing, is in many difficulties. Innovation, not abandonment of consent rules, is the solution to personal information protection in the age of artificial intelligence. On the basis of adhering to the core value of the consent rule, this paper introduces the scene theory, and combines the principle of proportion under a specific purpose to reconstruct the consent rule differently, to achieve the dynamic application of the consent rule in different scenarios and layers, so as to balance the protection of personal information and the utilization of personal data.
Key words : personal medical information; medical artificial intelligence; scene theory; principle of proportionality

引言

隨著人工智能、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)的不斷進步與發(fā)展,新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展亟需生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的變革。產(chǎn)生于“小數(shù)據(jù)時代”的同意規(guī)則在人工智能時代出現(xiàn)了諸多不適,同意的作用被弱化和虛化[1],亟需要對傳統(tǒng)的同意規(guī)則進行變革,以適應(yīng)人工智能所需要的海量數(shù)據(jù)場景,平衡個人信息保護與個人數(shù)據(jù)利用直接的關(guān)系。

個人醫(yī)療信息是討論同意規(guī)則這一問題的最佳路徑,其原因在于:第一,以深度學(xué)習(xí)算法、大規(guī)模并行計算技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),人工智能在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域最早應(yīng)用且發(fā)展迅速。對個人醫(yī)療信息保護的研究具有前瞻性和代表性。第二,大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能與醫(yī)療行業(yè)的結(jié)合將成為未來重要的發(fā)展方向,大數(shù)據(jù)時代對個人醫(yī)療信息的收集與利用所暴露出的問題最為豐富,對其分析所得出來的經(jīng)驗也最具有啟發(fā)意義。第三,國外對知情同意原則討論最多的還是在個人信息保護框架下的個人醫(yī)療信息領(lǐng)域。如何平衡個人信息保護與個人數(shù)據(jù)利用的關(guān)系、知情規(guī)則的放棄與改良關(guān)系,個人醫(yī)療信息的探討經(jīng)驗都為其提供了極為有價值的參考。通過對個人醫(yī)療信息的研究,提出面向人工智能和大數(shù)據(jù)時代知情同意原則重塑的新思路,期望能對個人信息一般保護中的同意規(guī)則適用有所啟示,以紓解同意規(guī)則在人工智能時代面臨的各種困境。


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http://ihrv.cn/resource/share/2000006416


作者信息:

楊正杰,鄧佳琳

(西南民族大學(xué)法學(xué)院,四川成都610041)


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