論我國數(shù)據(jù)要素市場化配置立法困境與進路
2022年電子技術應用第5期
林梓瀚1，魏 偉1，施 妤1，范國浩2
1.中國電子系統(tǒng)技術有限公司，北京100036；2.中國電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)集團，北京100089
摘要： 當前全球數(shù)據(jù)量呈現(xiàn)出爆發(fā)式的增長，數(shù)據(jù)的流動屬性和資源屬性不斷增強，我國出臺多部重要文件旨在促進數(shù)據(jù)要素流動，構建數(shù)據(jù)要素市場體系。然而,我國現(xiàn)有法律體系存在適配不足的問題，導致在數(shù)據(jù)要素市場化配置過程中數(shù)據(jù)確權有待進一步完善，數(shù)據(jù)權屬難以清晰界定。以深圳、上海、廣東、溫州等地為代表的地區(qū)或以立法形式探索對數(shù)據(jù)權益進行保護，或以資產(chǎn)憑證等形式優(yōu)先解決明確產(chǎn)權數(shù)據(jù)的權屬問題，釋放數(shù)據(jù)潛能。但要徹底解決當前權屬問題無法一蹴而就，在借鑒土地、勞動力、技術與資本的立法經(jīng)驗下，提出數(shù)據(jù)立法未來的路徑主要為創(chuàng)設新的數(shù)據(jù)法定權利，甚至探索為數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)設新的部門法。
中圖分類號： F490
文獻標識碼： A
DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.222663
中文引用格式： 林梓瀚，魏偉，施妤，等. 論我國數(shù)據(jù)要素市場化配置立法困境與進路[J].電子技術應用，2022，48(5)：1-6.
英文引用格式： Lin Zihan，Wei Wei，Shi Yu，et al. Legislation dilemma and approach of market-oriented allocation of data elements in China[J].Application of Electronic Technique，2022，48(5)：1-6.
文獻標識碼： A
DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.222663
中文引用格式： 林梓瀚，魏偉，施妤，等. 論我國數(shù)據(jù)要素市場化配置立法困境與進路[J].電子技術應用，2022，48(5)：1-6.
英文引用格式： Lin Zihan，Wei Wei，Shi Yu，et al. Legislation dilemma and approach of market-oriented allocation of data elements in China[J].Application of Electronic Technique，2022，48(5)：1-6.
Legislation dilemma and approach of market-oriented allocation of data elements in China
Lin Zihan1，Wei Wei1，Shi Yu1，F(xiàn)an Guohao2
1.China Electronic System Technology Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100036；2.China Electronics Corporation，Beijing 100089，China
Abstract： Nowadays, the amount of global data is showing explosive growth, and the flow and resource attributes of data are continuously enhanced. China has issued a number of important documents to promote the flow of data elements and construct a data element market system. However, the existing legal system in China has the problem of insufficient adaptation, which leads to the need to further improve the data ownership in the process of market-oriented allocation of data elements. In addition, it is difficult to clearly define the ownership of data. The regions such as Shenzhen, Shanghai, Guangdong, Wenzhou and so on may explore the protection of data rights and interests in the form of legislation, or give priority to solving the problem of clarifying the ownership of property rights data in the form of asset certificates, so as to release the potential of data. However, to completely solve the current ownership dilemma cannot be achieved overnight. Drawing on the legislative experience of land, labor, technology and capital, the future path of data legislation is proposed to mainly create new legal rights for data, and even explore the creation of new departmental laws for data.
Key words : data；ownership；legislation；practice
0 引言
隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、云計算、5G、人工智能等新興技術的快速發(fā)展，全球數(shù)據(jù)量爆發(fā)式增長，數(shù)據(jù)的資源屬性、資產(chǎn)屬性不斷增強。2020年4月中共中央、國務院發(fā)布《關于構建更加完善的要素市場化配置體制機制的意見》要求“加快培育數(shù)據(jù)要素市場，推進政府數(shù)據(jù)開放共享，提升社會數(shù)據(jù)資源價值并加強數(shù)據(jù)資源整合和安全保護”。我國“十四五規(guī)劃綱要”中進一步提出“激活數(shù)據(jù)要素潛能，充分發(fā)揮海量數(shù)據(jù)和豐富應用場景優(yōu)勢打造數(shù)字經(jīng)濟新優(yōu)勢”。通過大規(guī)模地數(shù)據(jù)收集、處理和分析挖掘，可以為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造巨大的財富價值，但也可能對國家安全和個人隱私造成巨大的沖擊。為更好地利用數(shù)據(jù)并減少其帶來的負面效應，在促進數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的同時，應加強數(shù)據(jù)安全保護。
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作者信息：
林梓瀚1，魏 偉1，施 妤1，范國浩2
(1.中國電子系統(tǒng)技術有限公司，北京100036；2.中國電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)集團，北京100089)
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